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Definition, History and Examples of Operating System

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17 views

Definition, History and Examples of Operating System

Uploaded by

anavadeepcs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Operating System

An Operating System (OS) is a software that acts as an interface


between computer hardware components and the user. Every
computer system must have at least one operating system to run
other programs. Applications like Browsers, MS Office, Notepad
Games, etc., need some environment to run and perform its tasks.
Objectives of OS

• Convenience: An OS makes a computer more convenient to use.


• Efficiency: An OS allows the computer system resources to be used in an
efficient manner.
• Ability to evolve: An OS should be constructed in such a way as to permit
the effective development, testing, and introduction of new system
functions without interfering with service.
USER INTERFACES

A user interface (UI) refers to the part of an operating system, program, or


device that allows a user to enter and receive information. A text-based
user interface (see the image to the left) displays text, and its commands
are usually typed on a command line using a keyboard. With a graphical
user interface (see the right-hand image), the functions are carried out by
clicking or moving buttons, icons and menus by means of a pointing
device.
HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEM

The First Generation (1940 to early 1950s))

• WHEN THE FIRST ELECTRONIC COMPUTER WAS DEVELOPED IN 1940, IT WAS


CREATED WITHOUT ANY OPERATING SYSTEM. I
• N EARLY TIMES, USERS HAVE FULL ACCESS TO THE COMPUTER MACHINE
AND WRITE A PROGRAM FOR EACH TASK IN ABSOLUTE MACHINE
LANGUAGE.
• THE PROGRAMMER CAN PERFORM AND SOLVE ONLY SIMPLE
MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS DURING THE COMPUTER GENERATION,
AND THIS CALCULATION DOES NOT REQUIRE AN OPERATING SYSTEM.
The Second Generation (1955 - 1965)

THE FIRST OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) WAS CREATED IN THE EARLY 1950S AND WAS KNOWN
AS GMOS. GENERAL MOTORS HAS DEVELOPED OS FOR THE IBM COMPUTER.
• THE SECOND-GENERATION OPERATING SYSTEM WAS BASED ON A SINGLE STREAM BATCH
PROCESSING SYSTEM BECAUSE IT COLLECTS ALL SIMILAR JOBS IN GROUPS OR BATCHES AND
THEN SUBMITS THE JOBS TO THE OPERATING SYSTEM USING A PUNCH CARD TO COMPLETE
ALL JOBS IN A MACHINE.
• AT EACH COMPLETION OF JOBS (EITHER NORMALLY OR ABNORMALLY), CONTROL TRANSFER
TO THE OPERATING SYSTEM THAT IS CLEANED AFTER COMPLETING ONE JOB AND THEN
CONTINUES TO READ AND INITIATES THE NEXT JOB IN A PUNCH CARD. AFTER THAT, NEW
MACHINES WERE CALLED MAINFRAMES, WHICH WERE VERY BIG AND USED BY
PROFESSIONAL OPERATORS.
The Third Generation (1965 - 1980)

• DURING THE LATE 1960S, OPERATING SYSTEM DESIGNERS WERE VERY


CAPABLE OF DEVELOPING A NEW OPERATING SYSTEM THAT COULD
SIMULTANEOUSLY PERFORM MULTIPLE TASKS IN A SINGLE COMPUTER
PROGRAM CALLED MULTIPROGRAMMING.
• THE INTRODUCTION OF MULTIPROGRAMMING PLAYS A VERY IMPORTANT
ROLE IN DEVELOPING OPERATING SYSTEMS THAT ALLOW A CPU TO BE
BUSY EVERY TIME BY PERFORMING DIFFERENT TASKS ON A COMPUTER AT
THE SAME TIME
The Fourth Generation (1980 - Present Day)

• HE FOURTH GENERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEMS IS RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF


THE PERSONAL COMPUTER. HOWEVER, THE PERSONAL COMPUTER IS VERY SIMILAR TO
THE MINICOMPUTERS THAT WERE DEVELOPED IN THE THIRD GENERATION. THE COST OF
A PERSONAL COMPUTER WAS VERY HIGH AT THAT TIME.
• MICROSOFT CREATED THE FIRST WINDOW OPERATING SYSTEM IN 1975.
• THE MS-DOS IN 1981; HOWEVER, IT WAS VERY DIFFICULT FOR THE PERSON TO
UNDERSTAND ITS CRYPTIC COMMANDS.
• WINDOWS RELEASED VARIOUS OPERATING SYSTEMS SUCH AS WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98,
WINDOWS XP AND THE LATEST OPERATING SYSTEM, WINDOWS 7. CURRENTLY, MOST
WINDOWS USERS USE THE WINDOWS 10 OPERATING SYSTEM
The Fourth Generation (1980 - Present Day)

• HE FOURTH GENERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEMS IS RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF


THE PERSONAL COMPUTER. HOWEVER, THE PERSONAL COMPUTER IS VERY SIMILAR TO
THE MINICOMPUTERS THAT WERE DEVELOPED IN THE THIRD GENERATION. THE COST OF
A PERSONAL COMPUTER WAS VERY HIGH AT THAT TIME.
• MICROSOFT CREATED THE FIRST WINDOW OPERATING SYSTEM IN 1975.
• THE MS-DOS IN 1981; HOWEVER, IT WAS VERY DIFFICULT FOR THE PERSON TO
UNDERSTAND ITS CRYPTIC COMMANDS.
• WINDOWS RELEASED VARIOUS OPERATING SYSTEMS SUCH AS WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98,
WINDOWS XP AND THE LATEST OPERATING SYSTEM, WINDOWS 7. CURRENTLY, MOST
WINDOWS USERS USE THE WINDOWS 10 OPERATING SYSTEM

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