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AASTU
Department of Water
Supply and Sanitary
Engineering
Sanitary Science and Plumbing For
Building
By: Fekremariam N.
Nov. 2017, AASTU
Course Objectives
• To introduce students to various plumbing services of buildings
related to domestic and fire fighting water provision, internal
drainage system of buildings and rain water disposal.
Course Content
• PART 1: INTODUCTION
• PART 2: WATER SUPPLY FOR BUILDINGS
• PART 3: DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF BUILDINGS
• PART 4: STORM WATER DRAINAGE
Teaching &Learning Methods : Lectures, tutorials, site visit
• Assessment/Evaluation & Grading System :AASTU rules
• References: -
• Ethiopian Building Code Standard Plumbing Services of
Buildings, EBCS-9, 1995
• Any book related to water supply, sanitary, Plumbing Services
and Sanitary Installation
PART 1
INTRODUCTION TO
SANITARY SCIENCE AND
PLUMBING FOR BUILDING
PART 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 PLUMBING:-
• Plumbing is the system of pipes, drains fittings, valves, valve
assemblies, and devices installed in a building for the
distribution of water for drinking, heating and washing, and the
removal of waterborne wastes, and the skilled trade of working
with pipes, tubing and plumbing fixtures in such systems.
• A plumber is someone who installs or repairs piping
system.
• Plumbing usually deals with laying of pipe lines which provide a
means of transportation for fluids.
• Plumbing is usually distinguished from water supply and sewage
systems, in that a plumbing system serves one building, while
water and sewage systems serve a group of buildings
1.1.2 PLUMBING CATAGORIES
The major categories of plumbing systems or subsystems are:
• Potable cold and hot tap water supply
• Plumbing drainage venting
• Septic systems
• Rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage
• Fuel gas piping
The Plumbing Engineer can provide input in the
following areas:
Domestic/ Fire fighting Water System:
• This is the water provided by a municipal or site-sourced water
system.
• The Plumbing Engineer designs the water distribution system to
protect the public health to the plumbing fixtures, landscaping
irrigation, fire suppression system, filtration systems, mechanical
systems, cleaning systems and process equipment.
Sanitary Fixtures:
• The Plumbing Engineer coordinates the appropriate type of fixtures
in the different areas of the building.
Cont….
Sanitary Sewer Systems
• Water flowing from plumbing fixtures collects in the building
sewer system.
• The Plumbing Engineer designs this system to a point it connects
to a municipal sewer system or to an on-site disposal or
containment system.
• Some facilities require a separation between waste streams
and/or treatment of special waste systems before they enter a
common building waste system. Like in the kitchen grease trap
Storm Water Systems
• During a rain or storm event rain water falls on building roofs,
parking lots, and green spaces. The traditional way to manage
storm water was to remove it from the building and site as
quickly as possible.
1.2 PLUMBING FIXTURES
• Plumbing fixtures, also called sanitary appliances, are
receptacles with necessary appurtenances designed for a specific
purpose.
• the use or operation of which results in a discharge into the
sanitary drainage system.
• Two types soil appliance and waste appliance
1.2.1 SOIL APPLIANCES
• Soil appliances include all fixed fixtures like water closets (W.C)
and urinals, in which water is used for flushing foul matter away.
• The waste from W.C is called Soil waste or Black Water.
W.C. suite/water closet
Cont….
W.C. Pan and Seat:
• The W.C. pan is a ceramic or metal bowl to take solid and liquid
excrement, with an inlet for flushing and a trapped outlet.
• The seat is usually a plastic ring secured to the back of the pan.
Flushing Appliance and Flushing Pipe:
• The usual flushing appliance is a cistern designed to discharge
water rapidly into the pan through a flush pipe for cleaning and
disposal of contents.
• The flushing cistern may be fixed high above, near to or close
coupled to the pan, the three arrangements being described as
high-level, low-level (low-down)or close coupled W.C suites.
Urinals
• It is a plumbing fixture for urination only.
• In busy washrooms, urinals are installed for efficiency: usage is
faster because within the room there are no additional doors, no
locks, and no seat to turn up; also a urinal takes less space, is
simpler, and consumes less water per flush than a general-purpose
toilet.
• Urinals also come in different heights, to accommodate tall and
short users. There are often privacy barriers between the urinals.
Bowl Urinal: - The bowl urinal consists of individual bowls mounted
on the bowl.
• The bowls are fixed individually with or without division piece.
• Bowl urinals are used for their neat appearance where they are not
liable to damage or misuse.
Cont…
1.2.2 WASTE APPLIANCES
• Waste appliances include all fixed fixtures in which water is
used for cleaning, culinary/cooking and drinking purposes.
• Waste from such appliances is called gray water or sullage.
These include:
Wash basins
• Wash basins, supported by wall brackets or on a pedestal secured
to the floor, are designed for washing the upper part of the body.
• The standard wash basin consists of a bowl, soap tray, outlet,
water overflow connected to the outlet and holes for fixing taps.
• Pedestal basin consists of a basin and a separate vitreous china
pedestal that is screwed to the floor and on which the basin is
mounted.
• The purpose of the pedestal is to hide the trap, waste and cold and
hot service pipes.
• The majority of wash basins are made of vitreous china.
• A wide range of sizes and designs of wash basins are available,
including small corner basins.
Bath-tubs
• Bath-tub is intended for bodily immersion in a reclining
position and it should have a flat bottom with a fall to the
outlet.
Shower
• Bodily ablutions under running water are more hygienic than
bodily immersion in a bath.
• In addition, a shower unit is more economical in energy and
water consumption and convenient to use.
• Shower rooms should be installed in rooms that are adequately
ventilated to reduce the possibility of condensation.
Cont….
Thank you.

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