Department Of Computer Science & Engineering

FIRST DOCTORAL COMMITTEE MEETING

Bharath Institute Of Higher Education & Research

Deep Learning Algorithm For Brain Tumor Detection
And Survival-Prediction

Research Supervisor
Research Scholar

Dr G.Roselin NesaKumari
Ms.K.Shanmuga Priya

Professor ,
 ABSTRACT

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technological development in the medical

field that produces images with high resolution to detect and then can classify
diseases that are found in the organs of the patient's body. One condition that can be
identified from reading an MRI image is a brain tumor. MRI technology is beneficial
for medical for early detection of brain tumor disease. It certainly requires a long
process due to the complexity of the structure of the human brain.This research
proposes an deep learning algorithm to detect as well as predict the survival of the
brain tumour in a more efficient and accurate way.
 Introduction
● Brain tumor is a severe nervous disorder that causes damage to health and often leads
to death.Therefore, it is significant to classify the brain tumor at an early stage as it
increases the survival rate of patients.
● One of the commonly employed imaging modalities for brain tumor classification is
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
● It is relatively complex to perform the brain tumor classification process due to the
variations of type, shape, size and tumor location
● MRI is mainly used to get images of the human body and cancerous tissues because of
its high resolution and better quality images compared with other imaging technologies
● Brain tumor identifications through MRI images is a difficult task because of the
complexity of the brain. MRI images can be processed and the brain tumor can be
segmented.
● The MRI technique benefits more when compared with other imaging modalities. It
enables the doctor to detect the tumor early by o®ering a clear picture of the image
with more information.Therefore,various MRI imaging modalities are used for the
prognosis and the diagnosis of brain tumor.
● These tumors can be segmented using various image segmentation techniques.
● Based on the classification result, the features connected with the tumor grades are
effectively acquired to make the survival prediction process.
Process Of Brain Tumor Detection
Preprocessing stage
 IMAGE SEGMENTATION

● Image segmentation is a method in which a digital image is

broken down into various subgroups called Image segments
which helps in reducing the complexity of the image to make
further processing or analysis of the image simpler.

● Segmentation in easy words is assigning labels to pixels.

IMAGE SEGMENTATION
 FEATURE EXTRACTION
Feature extraction is a process by which certain features of interest within an image
are detected and presented for further processing.
 IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
● Image classification is where a computer can analyse an image and identify the ‘class’ the
image falls under. (Or a probability of the image being part of a ‘class’.) A class is
essentially a label, for instance, ‘car’, ‘animal’, ‘building’ and so on.
● For example, you input an image of a sheep. Image classification is the process of the
computer analysing the image and telling you it’s a sheep. (Or the probability that it’s a
sheep.)
● Early image classification relied on raw pixel data. This meant that computers would
break down images into individual pixels.
● The problem is that two pictures of the same thing can look very different. They can have
different backgrounds, angles, poses, etcetera. This made it quite the challenge for
computers to correctly ‘see’ and categorise images.
 Introduction to Deep Learning
● Deep learning is a type of machine learning and artificial intelligence
(AI) that imitates the way humans gain certain types of knowledge.
● Deep learning is an important element of data science, which includes
statistics and predictive modeling.
● Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, which is essentially a
neural network with three or more layers. These neural networks
attempt to simulate the behavior of the human brain—allowing it to
“learn” from large amounts of data. While a neural network with a
single layer can still make approximate predictions, additional hidden
layers can help to optimize and refine for accuracy.
● It is relatively complex to perform the brain tumor classification
process due to the variations of type, shape, size and tumor location.
● To overcome such issues and classify the tumor more accurately, a
deep learning classifier should be developed to classify the tumor into
different grades
Difference between Machine Learning and Deep
Learning
Difference between Machine learning & Deep learning

● The difference is that machine learning uses algorithms developed for specific tasks.
● Deep learning is more of a data representation based upon multiple layers of a
matrix, where each layer uses output from the previous layer as input.
● The approach more closely mimic the activity of the human brain, which can tell not
only that a baseball is in motion, but approximately where it will land.
● Deep learning is more of mathematical distribution for complex behavior. To
achieve that representation, and to shape it, there are a number of architectures being
utilized.
● Deep neural networks and convolutional neural networks are the most common.
 MOTIVATION
● Some of the different traditional brain tumor classification techniques are
explained with their merits and demerits that motivated to design the deep
learning model for tumor classification and survival prediction.
● The drawbacks of detecting and predicting is observed in the study and there is
a scope to reduce the problems .
 SCOPE OF RESEARCH
● The main aim of the applications is tumor identification.
● The main reason behind the development of this application is to provide proper
treatment as soon as possible and protect the human life which is in danger.
● This application is helpful to doctors as well as patient.
● The manual identification is not so fast, more accurate and efficient for user. To
overcome those problem this application is design.
● It is user friendly application.
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

● To provide a more efficient and more predictive deep

learning techniques to detect and also reduce the memory
used for implementation of algorithm.
● To provide a optimization algorithm to improve the
performance of survival prediction
 LITERATURE SURVEY
1.R. Rajeswari*,¶, G. Neelima†, Balajee Maram‡ and Anupama Angadi
“MVPO Predictor: Deep Learning-Based Tumor Classification and Survival
Prediction of Brain Tumor Patients with MRI Using Multi-Verse Political
Optimizer”.International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial
Intelligence Vol. 35, No. 13 (2021).

This paper focuses on deep learning classifier named Deep Maxout network is
developed to classify the tumor into different grades and also a survival
prediction of tumor patients is carried out by the Deep Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM) classifier. Accordingly, the proposed method achieved higher
performance using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and prediction error with
the values of 0.9434, 0.9324, 0.9202 and 0.0579.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
2.J. Amin, M. Sharif, M. Raza, T. Saba, R. Sial and S. A. Shad, Brain tumor
detection:A long short-term memory (LSTM)-based learning model, Neural
Comput. Appl. 32(20)(2020) 15965–15973.
To overcome the problems of automated brain tumor classification, a novel
approach is proposed based on long short-term memory (LSTM) model using
magnetic resonance images (MRI). First, N4ITK and Gaussian filters having size
5 × 5 are used to boost the of multi-sequence MRI quality. The presented deep
LSTM model having four layers is utilized for classification.In each layer, optimal
hidden units (HU) are selected such as 200 HU, 225 HU, 200 HU and 225 HU,
respectively. These hidden or concealed units are chosen after performing
extensive experiments to acquire better results. The results are validated on
different versions of BRATS datasets (BRATS 2012–15, 2018) and SISS-ISLES
2015 dataset.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
3. J. Amin, M. Sharif, M. Yasmin, T. Saba, M. A. Anjum and S. L. Fernandes, A
new approach for brain tumor segmentation and classification based on score
level fusion using transfer learning, J. Med. Syst. 43(11) (2019) 326.

The proposed architecture accurately segments and classifies the benign

and malignant tumor cases. Different spatial domain methods are
applied to enhance and accurately segment the input images.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
4.S. Pereira, A. Pinto, V. Alves and C. A. Silva, Brain tumor segmentation
using convolutional neural networks in MRI images, IEEE Trans. Med.
Imaging 35(5) (2016) 1240–1251.

In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation method based on

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), exploring small 3 ×3 kernels. The use
of small kernels allows designing a deeper architecture, besides having a
positive effect against overfitting, given the fewer number of weights in the
network
 LITERATURE SURVEY
6.X. Feng, N. J. Tustison, S. H. Patel and C. H. Meyer, Brain tumor segmentation using an

ensemble of 3D U-Nets and overall survival prediction using radiomic features, Front.

Comput. Neurosci. 14 (2020) 25.

Furthermore, instead of picking one best model, an ensemble of multiple models trained
with different hyper-parameters are used to reduce random errors from each model and
yield improved performance. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of this
method and achieved the 9th place in the very competitive 2018 Multimodal Brain Tumor
Segmentation (BraTS) challenge
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL

● A mistake in Medical Report could lead to wrong treatment. Wrong

treatment is a serious threat to health. Our research is to provide a
robust Deep learning algorithm to predict as well as reduce memory
● To provide a more effective optimization techniques .
 REFERENCES
1.AJAY SHRESTHA AND AUSIF MAHMOOD, (Senior Member,
IEEE):Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of
Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, USA.“Review of Deep Learning
Algorithms and Architectures”April 22 ,2019.

2.R. Rajeswari*,¶, G. Neelima†, Balajee Maram‡ and Anupama Angadi

“MVPO Predictor: Deep Learning-Based Tumor Classification and Survival
Prediction of Brain Tumor Patients with MRI Using Multi-Verse Political
Optimizer”.International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial
Intelligence Vol. 35, No. 13 (2021).
 REFERENCES

3.G. Gokulkumari, Classi¯cation of brain tumor using Manta Ray Foraging Optimizationbased

DeepCNN classi¯er, Multimed. Res. 3(4) (2020) a–b.

4.M. I. Sharif, J. P. Li, M. A. Khan and M. A. Saleem, Active deep neural network features

selection for segmentation and recognition of brain tumors using MRI images, Pattern

Recognit. Lett. 129 (2020) 181–189.

 REFERENCES

5.Jahanzaib Latif, Chuangbai Xiao, *Azhar Imran, Shanshan Tu :”Medical Imaging using Machine Learning and

Deep Learning Algorithms: A Review” International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering
Technologies 2019