IOT

EDUCATIONAL
BOARD

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TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
 Arduno uno & pin
configuration
 Input output pins
 Analog & Digital Pins
 How to install arduino IDE
 Discuss basic C language
 Led blink projecT
 Error debugging in Arduino

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 ARDUINO
Introduction:-
Arduino is an open-source platform
used for building electronics projects.
Arduino consists of both a physical
programmable circuit board (often
referred to as a microcontroller) and a
piece of software, or IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) that runs on
your computer, used to write and upload
computer code to the physical board

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 PWR IN USB
(to Computer)

RESET

SCL\SDA
(I2C Bus)

POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND
Digital I\O
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)

Analog
INPUTS

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 USB
(to Computer) PWR IN

Analog PIN Digital I\O

PWM(A1,A2,A3,
A4,A5,) PWM(SDA,SCL
8,9,10,11,12,13 )

SCL\SDA
(I2C Bus)

Digital PIN
PWM(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 )

Analog
INPUTS

POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND RESET
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Go ahead and plug your board in!

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 Concepts: INPUT vs. OUTPUT

Referenced from the perspective of the microcontroller (electrical board).

Inputs is a signal / information Output is any signal exiting the

going into the board. board.

Almost all systems that use physical computing will have

some form of output

What are some examples of Outputs?

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 Concepts: INPUT vs. OUTPUT

Referenced from the perspective of the microcontroller (electrical board).

Inputs is a signal / information Output is any signal exiting the

going into the board. board.

Examples: Buttons Switches, Light Examples: LEDs, DC motor, servo

Sensors, Flex Sensors, Humidity motor, a piezo buzzer, relay, an RGB
Sensors, Temperature Sensors… LED

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 Concepts: Analog vs. Digital
Microcontrollers are digital devices – ON or OFF. Also
called – discrete.

analog signals are anything that can be a full range of

values. What are some examples? More on this later…

5V 5V

0V 0V

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 Open up Arduino

Hints:
For PC Users  For Mac Users 
1.Let the installer copy and 1. Move the Arduino
move the files to the executable to the dock
appropriate locations, or for ease of access.
2.Create a folder under C:\ 2. Resist the temptation to
Program Files (x86) called run these from your
Arduino. Move the entire desktop.
Arduino program folder here.

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 Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Two required functions /

methods / routines:

void setup()
{
// runs once
}

void loop()
{
// repeats
}

error & status messages

Settings: Tools  Serial Port

Your computer communicates to

the Arduino microcontroller via
a serial port  through a USB-
Serial adapter.

Check to make sure that the

drivers are properly installed.

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 Settings: Tools  Board

Next, double-check that the proper board is selected under the

ToolsBoard menu.

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Serial communication
analogRead()
if() statements / Boolean
digitalRead()
analogWrite() BIG 6 CONCEPTS
digitalWrite()
 Comments, Comments, Comments

Comments are for you – the programmer and your friends…

or anyone else human that might read your code.

// this is for single line comments

// it’s good to put a description at the
top and before anything ‘tricky’
/* this is for multi-line comments
Like this…
And this….
*/

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 comments

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 Three commands to know…

pinMode(pin, INPUT/OUTPUT);
ex: pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(pin, HIGH/LOW);
ex: digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

delay(time_ms);
ex: delay(2500); // delay of 2.5 sec.

// NOTE: -> commands are CASE-sensitive

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 Project #1: Wiring Diagram

Move the green

wire from the power
bus to pin 13 (or
any other Digital
I/O pin on the
Arduino board.

Image created in Fritzing

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 A few simple challenges
Let’s make LED#13 blink!

Challenge 1a – blink with a 200 ms second

interval.

Challenge 1b – blink to mimic a heartbeat

Challenge 1c – find the fastest blink that the

human eye can still detect…
1 ms delay? 2 ms delay? 3 ms delay???

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 Try adding other LEDs

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Programming Concepts: Variables

Variable Scope

Global
---
Function-level

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 Programming Concepts: Variable Types

Variable Types:

8 bits 16 bits 32 bits

byte int long

char unsigned int unsigned long
float

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 Fading in and Fading Out
(Analog or Digital?)

A few pins on the Arduino allow for us to modify

the output to mimic an analog signal.

This is done by a technique called:

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

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 Concepts: Analog vs. Digital

To create an analog signal, the microcontroller uses a

technique called PWM. By varying the duty cycle, we
can mimic an “average” analog voltage.

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

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 Project #2 – Fading
Introducing a new command…

analogWrite(pin, val);

pin – refers to the OUTPUT pin

(limited to pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11.) –
denoted by a ~ symbol

val – 8 bit value (0 – 255).

0 => 0V | 255 => 5V

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 Move one of your LED pins over to Pin 9

In Arduino, open up:

File  Examples  01.Basics  Fade

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 Fade - Code Review

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 Fade - Code Review

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 RGB LED Color Mixing

int redPin = 5;
int greenPin = 6;
int bluePin = 9;

void setup()
{
pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(bluePin, OUTPUT);
}

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 RGB LED Color Mixing

void loop()
{
analogWrite(redPin, 255);
analogWrite (greenPin, 255);
analogWrite (bluePin, 255);
}

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 Project #4 – Digital Input

In Arduino, open up:

File  Examples  02.Digital  Button

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 Digital Sensors (a.k.a. Switches)
Pull-up Resistor (circuit)

to Digital Pin 2

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 Digital Sensors (a.k.a. Switches)
Add an indicator LED to Pin 13
This is just like our
1st circuit!

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 Digital Input

• Connect digital input to your Arduino using Pins # 0 – 13

(Although pins # 0 & 1 are also used for programming)

• Digital Input needs a pinMode command:

pinMode (pinNumber, INPUT);
Make sure to use ALL CAPS for INPUT

• To get a digital reading:

int buttonState = digitalRead
(pinNumber);

• Digital Input values are only HIGH (On) or LOW (Off)

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 Digital Sensors

• Digital sensors are more straight forward than Analog

• No matter what the sensor there are only two settings: On

and Off

• Signal is always either HIGH (On) or LOW (Off)

• Voltage signal for HIGH will be a little less than 5V on

your Uno

• Voltage signal for LOW will be 0V on most systems

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http://opensourcehardwarejunkies.com/tutorial-03-digitalread-and-
serial-port-communication/
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Programming: Conditional Statements
if()

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 Programming: Conditional Statements
if()

void loop()
{
int buttonState = digitalRead(5);
if(buttonState == LOW)
{ // do something DIG
INPUT
}
else
{ // do something else
}
}
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 analogRead()

Arduino uses a 10-bit A/D Converter:

• this means that you get input values from 0 to
1023
• 0V0
• 5 V  1023
Ex:
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);

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 Using Serial Communication

Method used to transfer data between two devices.

Data passes between the computer and Arduino

through the USB cable. Data is transmitted as zeros
(‘0’) and ones (‘1’) sequentially.

Arduino dedicates Digital I/O pin # 0 to

receiving and Digital I/O pin #1 to transmit.

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Serial Monitor & analogRead()

Initializes the Serial

Communication

9600 baud data rate

prints data to serial bus
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Serial Monitor & analogRead()

Opens up a
Serial Terminal
Window

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 Analog Sensors
2 Pin Analog Sensors = var. resistor

Take two sensors -- Use the

Serial Monitor and find the
range of input values you get
for each sensor.

MaxAnalogRead = _________

MinAnalogRead = _________

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 Analog Sensors

Examples:
Sensors Variables
Mic soundVolume
Photoresistor lightLevel
Potentiometer dialPosition
Temp Sensor temperature
Flex Sensor bend
Accelerometer tilt/acceleration

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 Additional Serial Communication
Sending a Message

void loop ( )
{
Serial.print(“Hands on “) ;
Serial.print(“Learning ”) ;
Serial.println(“is Fun!!!”) ;

}
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
 Serial Communication:
Serial Debugging

void loop()
{
int xVar = 10;
Serial.print ( “Variable xVar is “ ) ;
Serial.println ( xVar ) ;
}

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 Serial Communication:
Serial Troubleshooting

void loop ( )
{
Serial.print (“Digital pin 9: “);
Serial.println (digitalRead(9));
}

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