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Introduction To Operating System

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Sandeepa Thathsara Nayanahara
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15 views

Introduction To Operating System

Uploaded by

Sandeepa Thathsara Nayanahara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS

COMPUTING FOR TECHNOLOGY – FOT 1001


CONTENT

File Management
User Management
Application Management
Device Management
Utility tools
OPERATING SYSTEM: WINDOWS

An operating system is the primary software that manages all the


hardware and the software in the computer. It manages the hardware
resources for the application software (e.g. Windows, Linux, Mac
OS, Android etc.)
Windows is an Operating System by Microsoft. Windows 10 is the
latest version of the Windows OS. Earlier versions of Windows OS
(DOS) used to have CLIs, while modern versions primarily have
GUIs.
We will be using Windows 10 for this topic.
FILE MANAGEMENT: FILE BASICS

A file is an object in a computer that stores data, information, settings


etc. which is used by a computer program or application. In Windows,
a file has attributes such as name, extension, time, date, size etc.
When saving a file you must adhere to file naming conventions such
as:
 Maximum name length is 260
 Some special characters are not allowed (\ / : * ? " < > | )
 Some filenames are not allowed (con, nul, prn)
FILE MANAGEMENT: FILENAME EXTENSIONS
Extension Type of Document Application
Filename extensions are .doc or .docx Word processing Microsoft Word; Corel
document WordPerfect
used by programs and they .xls or .xlsx Workbook Microsoft Excel
indicate the file format. .ppt or .pptx PowerPoint Microsoft PowerPoint
presentation
.mdb Database Microsoft Access
or .accdb
By default, Windows doesn’t show
.bmp Bitmap image Windows
common filename extensions, but it .zip Compressed file WinZip
can be enabled in “Folder and .pdf Portable Document Adobe Acrobat
Search Options”. Format
.htm or .html Web page Hypertext Markup
Language
FILE MANAGEMENT: DRIVES AND PARTITIONS

 Files Systems are based on physical storage devices known as


Drives.
 Drives can be local or remote (network or cloud).
 Drives can be internal or external disks.
 In Windows 10, a list of drives can be seen in “This PC”.
 Partition is not a physical drive, but it looks like one to the OS.
 Partitions make the OS think that one drive is two ore more drives,
FILE MANAGEMENT: DRIVES AND PARTITIONS

Typical letters for drives: (If A, B and D are not used by relevant
disks or drives, they can be used by the hard drive)
A, B: For floppy disks
C: Local hard drive (usually where Windows OS is installed)
D: CD drive
E – Z: Any hard drive, removable disks etc.
FILE MANAGEMENT: FILE DIRECTORIES AND FOLDERS

Every storage device has a directory containing a list of files.


 Root directory (e. g. C:\)
 Subdirectory (e. g. C:\Windows)

A location of a file is determined by the file path.


D:\ is the root of the D drive.
D:\hello\man\files\list.txt (path of the file “list.txt”)
D:\hello\man (path of the file directory “man”)
FILE MANAGEMENT: FILESYSTEM HIERARCHY

An OS provides an
organizational and
hierarchical structure to
store the files in a
computer. It consists of
drives, file directories
(folders) and files.
FILE MANAGEMENT: FILE SYSTEMS

Windows mainly supports FAT (File Allocation Table), NTFS (New


Technology File System). Newer versions of Windows also support
the exFAT filesystem.
FAT32 file system has a limitation of only being able to store files
smaller than 4GB.
exFAT filesystem is frequently used in removable disks to overcome
the file size issue of FAT32. It is a lightweight file system compared
to NTFS.
FILE MANAGEMENT: FILE EXPLORER

File Explorer or Windows Explorer (not


Internet Explorer) is used to manipulate
files and folders in a Windows system.
 Rename
 Copy
 Move
 Delete

Windows has a personalized set of


folders for each user in the computer.
FILE MANAGEMENT: COMMAND PROMPT

Rather than using the File


Explorer, you can also use
the Command Prompt
(CMD) to manage files in
Windows. It is has a CLI
which is based on the MS-
DOS operating system
(earlier version of
Windows)
FILE MANAGEMENT: BASIC CMD COMMANDS

 echo – displays a text on the command prompt itself.


 dir – shows all the files in the current directory.
 type – displays the contents of a file in the command prompt.
 cd – change the current directory.
 mkdir/md – makes a directory in the current directory.
 copy – copies files.
FILE MANAGEMENT: BASIC CMD COMMANDS

 move – moves files.


 rmdir – removes directories.
 del – deletes files.
 ren – renames files and folders.
 Ipconfig – shows basic network information.
 ping – check the fundamental TCP/IP connectivity to an IP address or
alias.
USER MANAGEMENT

Like the previous versions of Windows, Windows 10 also allows for


multiple user accounts. Mainly there are three different types of user
accounts in Windows 10.
 Microsoft account – Default option when creating a new account. This allows
you to synchronize the settings and files in your computer using OneDrive.
 Work account – Domain accounts which users Active Directory credentials to
authenticate users and allow access to resources on a shared enterprise network.
 Local account – The credentials, settings, files are stored on the local device
only.
USER MANAGEMENT: ACCOUNT TYPES

Like the previous versions of Windows, Windows 10 also allows for


multiple user accounts. Mainly there are three different types of user
accounts in Windows 10.
 Microsoft account – Default option when creating a new account. This allows
you to synchronize the settings and files in your computer using OneDrive.
 Work account – Domain accounts which users Active Directory credentials to
authenticate users and allow access to resources on a shared enterprise network.
 Local account – The credentials, settings, files are stored on the local device
only.
USER MANAGEMENT: ACCOUNT TYPES

Windows 10 also has three main types of user accounts depending


on the user access.
 Administrator – Administrators have complete control over the PC.
They can change any settings and access all of the files and programs
stored in the PC.
 Standard – Standard accounts can use most software and change the
system settings that don’t affect other users of the security of the PC.
APPLICATION MANAGEMENT: APPS & FEATURES

“Apps & Features” can be


found under settings. In
there you can find a list of
installed applications in
your computer. It can be
used to search, terminate,
repair, reset and uninstall
applications.
APPLICATION MANAGEMENT: PROGRAMS & FEATURES

Alternatively you can also


use “Programs and
Features” in “Control
Panel” to manage
applications.
DEVICE MANAGEMENT: DEVICE MANAGER

Device manager shows a list of all the


devices available in your computer in
groups. You can update, disable and
uninstall the drivers relevant to each
device.
UTILITY TOOLS

 Task Manager
 Resource Monitor
 Performance Monitor
 Disk Cleanup
 Registry Editor
 System Configuration
 System Information
UTILITY TOOLS

Computer Management and Administrative Tools


 Task Scheduler
 Event Viewer
 Shared Folders
 Device Manager
 Disk Management
 Services

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