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Chapter-1-Number Systems

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26 views18 pages

Chapter-1-Number Systems

Uploaded by

ashwini.k
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Number systems

Ashwini K S
What is Number System?
• A number system is defined as a system of writing to express numbers.
It is the mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set
by using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It provides a
unique representation of every number and represents the arithmetic
and algebraic structure of the figures. It also allows us to operate
arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction and division.
• The value of any digit in a number can be determined by:
• The digit itself
• The position of the digit in the number
• The base of the number system (where the base is defined as the total
number of digits available in the number system)
Types of
Number
System
• We are familiar with the decimal number system which is used
in our day-to-day work. Ten digits are used to form decimal
numbers. To represent these decimal digits, ten separate
symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are used. The digits in a
number have a place value such as ones, tens, hundreds and
thousands. The place value is specified in powers of 10.
• For example:

Decimal Number
System
• It is a positional number system. It uses two digits (0, 1) to form
Binary Number numbers. This number system is also known as base 2 number
system. The digits 0 and 1 are known as binary digits or bits. In
System the binary number system, units of information are expressed as
multiples of bits.
Octal Number System • In this number system the
value of base is 8. There are
only 8 symbols or digit
values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
Since base value is 8, so the
maximum value of digit is 7
and it cannot be more than
7. Octal numerals can be
made from binary numerals
by grouping consecutive
binary digits into groups of
three (starting from the
right).
• In this number system there are only 16 digits - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
Hexadecimal Number 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F where A, B, C, D, E and F represent 10, 11,
12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively. As there are 16 digits in this
System system, 4 bits are sufficient to represent a hexadecimal number in
binary.
Conversion of decimal number into binary
system
• The rules are:
• Divide the given decimal number with the base 2.
• Write down their remainder and divide the quotient again by 2.
• Repeat the step 2 till the quotient is 0.
Binary to decimal
conversion
Computer Arithmetic
• There are 4 basic arithmetic operations
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
Binary Addition
Binary Subtraction

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