Overview of Oracle Database

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction oracle
AMOUD UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF COMPUTING AND ICT

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 What is Data?
• Data are raw material and unorganized facts that need to be processed.
Example:-
• 89, sheets,

What is the Information?

When data are processed , organized, structured or presented in a given context so as to make them useful . They
are called information
Example
• Jama is 23 years old
• Junior BSE B attendance sheet

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 Overview of Database

• A Database is a collection of related data organized in a way that data can be easily accessed,
managed and updated. Any piece of information can be a data,
• Database is actually a place where related piece of information is stored and various operations can
be performed on it. for example name of your school.
What is table?
• The data in an RDBMS is stored in database objects which are called as tables. This table is
basically a collection of related data entries and it consists of numerous columns and rows.
• What is a Record or a Row?
• A record is also called as a row of data is horizontal each individual entry that exists in a table.
• What is a column?
• A column is a vertical entity in a table that contains all information associated with a specific field
in a table.

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 SQL:

• What is SQL?
• SQL(Structure Query Language):
• which is a computer language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data stored in a relational
database.
• SQL is the standard language for Relational Database System. All the Relational Database
Management Systems (RDMS) like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres and SQL
Server use SQL as their standard database language.
history of sql
• -> it is non-procedural Language and can pronounce(sequal)
• -> it is 4th generation language.
• -> it is developed by Mr. E F Codd in 1970, he is an IBM Employee.
• -> It is developed by using 90% C Language, 10% low level language.
• -> it supports in-line commands(cui)
• -> it is common for any rdbms packages.
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 DBMS(database management system)
• A DBMS is a software that allows creation, definition and manipulation of database.
• Dbms is actually a tool used to perform any kind of operation on data in database
Functions of DBMS
• Concurrency Control
• Provides Recovery services.
• Provides sharing services.
• Provides back up services.
• Provides managing data.

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 Database Model
• A Database model defines the logical design of data. The model describes the relationships between
different parts of the data. In a database design, these models have been in use.
1) Hierarchical Model
2) Network Model
3) Relational Model
4) Object Relational Model

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 Hierarchical Model

• In this model each entity has only one parent but can have several children. At the top of hierarchy
there is only one entity which is called Root.

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 Network Model

• In the network model, entities are organized in a graph, in which some entities can be accessed
through several path.

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 Relational Model
• In this model, data is organized in two-dimensional tables called relations.
• The tables or relation are related to each other.

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 RDBMS
• The Relational Database Management System, or RDBMS in short, manages relational data.
Oracle Database is an RDBMS with the largest market share.
• Besides the Oracle Database, there are other RDBMS products available. Here are some notable
ones:
• Db2 from IBM.
• SQL Server from Microsoft.
• MySQL – the most popular open-source database, also from Oracle.
• PostgreSQL – the most advanced open source database.

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 Introduction to Oracle
• It is a very large multi-user based database management system. Oracle is a relational database
management system developed by 'Oracle Corporation’.
• Oracle Corporation is the largest software company in the field of database business.
• Oracle works to efficiently manage its resources, a database of information among the multiple
clients requesting and sending data in the network.
• It also provides security and Recovery. It stores and manages data using relational model.
What is Oracle?
• Oracle database is a relational database management system. It is known as Oracle database,
Oracle DB or simply Oracle. It is produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.
• History of Oracle
• Oracle was originally developed by Lawrence Ellison (Larry Ellision) and his two friends and former
co-worker in 1977.
• Oracle DB runs on the most major platforms like Windows, UNIX, Linux and Mac OS.

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 Different editions of Oracle database

• Following are the four editions of the Oracle database.

• Enterprise Edition: It is the most robust and secure edition. It offers all features, including
superior performance and security.
• Standard Edition: It provides the base functionality for users that do not require Enterprise
Edition's robust package.
• Express Edition (XE): It is the lightweight, free and limited Windows and Linux edition.
• Oracle Lite: It is designed for mobile devices.

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Figure 1: Oracle Architecture

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 Features of Oracle

• The following are some of the important features of Oracle Server.

Large Database Support
• Oracle supports largest database, potentially hundreds of pita bytes in size. It also
• allows efficient usage of space by providing full control on space management.
Data Concurrence
• Oracle supports concurrent access to database by multiple users. It automatically locks and
unlocks rows to maintain integrity of the data.
Industry acceptance standards
• Oracle server is 100% compliant with Entry of the ANSI / ISO standards.
Enforced Integrity
• Oracle allows users to define business rules and enforce them.
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 continue
Portability
• Oracle software can be ported to different operating systems and it is the name on all systems.
Application development in Oracle can be ported to any operating system with little or no
modifications.
• Oracle server runs on different platforms. The following are some of the platforms on which Oracle
runs.
 Windows NT.
 Novel Netware
 Unix

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 ORACLE VS SQL SERVER

• ORACLE SQL SERVER

• 1. it is cui based. 1. it gui based
• 2. it provides high security 2. it provides poor security.
• 3. it is platform independent language. 3. it is platform dependent lang.
• 4. it supports different application 4. it is mainly preferable for microsoft products.
software tools.
5. Oracle corporation procuct, 5 . microsoft products. In 1989
By larry ellasion in 1977

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