Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss how the founder was able to begin a school that

eventually evolved into a university.
2. Appreciate how the founder’s children and grandchildren
continued his legacy in running NU.

LESSON 3:
THE FOUNDER’S LEGACY
THE FOUNDER AND
HIS CLAN
 Educational Highlights toward the End of the 19 th
Century before the Founder Was Born
• A school of mercantile accounting and modern languages patterned after the Commercial
School of Barcelona was inaugurated on July 15, 1840. It offered accounting, mercantile
correspondence, mathematics, French, English and other subjects.
• Offered by premiere schools in Manila.
• In 1863, a Royal Decree was issued for a standard primary educational system.
• In 1865, Queen Isabella II appointed the rector of University of Santo Tomas (UST) as the
supervisor of all secondary and higher education in the Philippines.
• UST held the entrance and final examinations of all those who wish to enter secondary and
higher education and those who finished their courses.
• UST issued the diplomas of the graduates regardless of where they took their courses.
 Chinese Socio-Cultural Impact
• Chinese mestizo rose to prominence between 1741 and 1898, primarily as a landholder and a
middleman wholesaler of local produce and foreign imports, although there were also
mestizos in the professions.
• Chinese immigration to the Philippines resulted in diversion of mestizo energies away from
commerce, so that the mestizos lost their chance to become a native middle class, a position
then taken over by the Chinese.
• The Chinese needed to be baptized in order to stay in the islands and do business.
• Spanish officials and friars stood as godparents
• Their surnames were adopted
• Some retained their father’s surname while others used their mother’s maiden surname
 • Oral tradition within the family has it that a
Hoc-Sung from Amoy, China was the
progenitor of the Jocson clan in the Philippines.
Mariano Fortunato Jhocson’s lineage has been
traced back four generations to Tomas Jocson,

Jhocson likely born in the late 18th century, who

married Juana Francisca de los Reyes.
Marriage certificates were found in archives for

Origin Tomas’s son Feliciano who married Florentina

Velasco on February 28, 1824, and Feliciano’s
son Remigio who married Marta Papa on
February 15, 1846. Remigio’s son was the
father of Mariano.
Hoc-Sung to Jocson/Jhocson Lineage
Juana Francisca de los
Tomas Jocson
Reyes

Feliciano Jocson Florentina Velasco

Remigio Jocson Marta Papa

Crispulo Jocson Marcela Alegrado/ Cruz

Mariano Fortunato
Jocson/Jhocson
 Crispulo Jhocson
•Born in Manila on June 9, 1850, and became a sculptor
and wood carver of note.
•Crispulo is credited with the image of La Inmaculada
Concepcion (The Immaculate Conception) and with
carving the pulpit together with Manuel Flores.
•He was awarded an honorable mention by the Ministerio
de Ultramar (ministry of the colonies) for his entries in
the Exposicion General de las Islas Filipinas (General
Exposition of the Philippine Islands) in Madrid in October
1887 and by the Jurado Internacional de Premios
(International Jury of Prizes) in the Exposicion Universal
de Barcelona (Universal Exposition of Barcelona) on
December 9, 1888.
•Crispulo married Marcela Alegrado on February 9, 1875.
Their third child, Mariano Fortunato, was born on October
14, 1877, in Sta. Cruz, Manila.
Woodcarving of Crispulo Jhocson
• The original seal of NU was given by Crispulo to Mariano
in 1903 in appreciation for the establishment of Colegio
Filipino.
Mother Philippines

Philippine flag

Globe symbolizing arts

Books symbolizing letters

Caduceus as symbol of science
Mariano Fortunato
Jhocson (Jocson Y Cruz)
•Atoy, as he was fondly called in the
family.

•He learned by example the value of

honest work from Crispulo.
 Mariano
Fortunato Jhocson
•He was able to study at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in
Intramuros despite his father’s modest means in exchange for his
work for the Jesuits.
•As a young student at the Ateneo, Mariano already displayed his
practical nature and spirit of entrepreneurship. He sold toys like
the yoyo carved in his father’s shop to earn him money to buy
school books and paper.
•Later on, he had himself tutored in advanced accounting by a
Frenchman named O’Ferrel who became so impressed with his
student that he secured for Mariano a position as tenedor de libros
(librarian) at the Bazar Filipino, which he held until the outbreak
of the Philippine Revolution in 1896. By this time, he was just
short of nineteen years of age and had a physique that made him
stand out naturally in any crowd, being almost six feet tall and of
bulky build.
•He received his degree of Bachiller en Artes (today's high school)
and a certificate as Perito Mercantil (Expert in Business,
equivalent to today's business administration courses) in 1897 with
a grade of Aprobado (passed).
 Mariano Jhocson’s
Academic Record in Ateneo
Subject/Course Year Taken Grade
Arithmetic and Algebra 1894-1895 Bueno (Good)
Elements of Geography 1891-1892 Notable (Very Good)
French 1896-1897 Mediano (Fair)
English 1894-1895 Notable (Very Good)
Business Math 1895-1896 Mediano (Fair)
Notions of Geography and 1896-1897 Mediano (Fair)
Business Statistics
Political Economics 1895-1896 Mediano (Fair)
Bookkeeping 1896-1897 Mediano (Fair)
Business Corespondence 1895-1896 Mediano (Fair)
and Operations
Mercantile/Business Law 1896-1897 Mediano (Fair)

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• During the Revolution, he became a schoolteacher in
Mariquina. Although he did not join the armed struggle,
other Jocson relatives did, most prominently his cousin
Feliciano Jocson, a Chinese mestizo pharmacist who
owned a drugstore in Escolta. Feliciano was a
katipunero and became Secretary of Welfare of the
Departmental Government of Central Luzon under
Emilio Aguinaldo’s revolutionary government. He
changed his name’s spelling to Hokson in nationalistic
fervor.
• Another cousin, Fortunato, joined the guerillas during the
Filipino-American War. Given the revolutionary
activities of his relatives, Mariano and his siblings felt
the need to change their name’s spelling to Jhocson to
avoid harassment from the authorities. His siblings
eventually reverted to the original Jocson but Mariano
decided to keep the “Jhocson” spelling.
 The Jocson Flag
Designer?
• One argument that could support this narrative
was that since Feliciano Jocson graduated from
UST, the inspiration of the sun in the flag
was inspired by the symbol in the chest of St.
Thomas Aquinas. According to the Act of
Proclamation of Independence in 1898, the sun
symbolized progress and civilization.
• The progress and civilization actually
meant progress in education and the key
metaphor for enlightenment was the king of
heavenly lights which is the sun. Also, Aquinas
was called the Angelic doctor or teacher because
of his reputation for learning and
wisdom. Furthermore, two South American
countries namely Argentina and Uruguay have
the mythological sun in their flags as well.
Marriages
 Mariano and Consuelo
•Mariano married his first wife Consuelo
Luciano from Cavite in 1901. They had two
children:
• Domingo
• Ramon

•Consuelo died in 1908

 Mariano and Miguela
•Mariano married Miguela Martin with
whom he had eight children:
• Florencia
• Recaredo
• Remedios
• Leticia
• Teodoro
• Jesus
• Mariano
• Pacita
• He succumbed to illness and
passed away on March 17, 1928,
just fifty years old and at the
pinnacle of his success as an
educator and entrepreneur.
• In his last days, Mariano
enjoined his wife Miguela and
eldest son Domingo to continue
the task that he had dedicated his
life to – that of educating the
young men and women of his
country.
In his eulogy, Rafael Palma, then president
of the University of the Philippines, his
friend from the Colegio Mercantil days,
described Mariano Jhocson as an untiring
worker who always had plans for the
expansion of National University, as a bold
but prudent man whose moves were
calculated and goals well-defined; a man
with a firm and energetic disposition and a
generous and appealing personality. He
chose the field of education because that was
where he could serve the greatest number
and spread the greatest good, convinced that
education was the means for the people to
realize their aspirations.
 Doña Miguela Martin Vda de Jhocson
• Took over as NU’s comptroller
after Mariano’s death
• She inculcated in her children the
values of respect for authority and
deep religious faith
• Closed NU during the Japanese
Occupation and reopened the
school after the liberation in 1945
• She assigned her children to serve
in various capacities in the NU
administration
The Founder’s
Children and
Grandchildren
Click icon to add picture
• By the time National University celebrated its golden jubilee in 1950, the second
generation Jhocsons had collectively brought the Founder’s vision to fruition and the
Jhocsons of Sampaloc were deeply entrenched in their Manila community. National
University, being one of the first schools to open after the war, had quickly gained a
huge enrollment. For the Jhocsons, life revolved around the school.
Florencia Jhocson-Javier
Bachelorate of Science in Education
• She married Major Melchor M.
Javier of the Philippine Medical
Corps.
• She taught Spanish subjects and
helped manage the NU Girls’
Dormitory, and later became
Treasurer.

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Recaredo “Danding” Jhocson
BS Commerce, 1933
• He was a member of the
underground guerilla movement
during the Japanese occupation and
was incarcerated at Fort Santiago.
• He served as Registrar.

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Remedios Jhocson-Custodio
Bachelor of Arts
• Married Eligio Custodio in 1931.
• She served as Treasurer and
Secretary of the Board of
Trustees.

25
Leticia Jhocson-Paguia
BS Commerce, 1949
• She taught at the College of Commerce and served as
University Registrar.
• Director of the NU Physical Education Department.
• She became President of the Manila Bay Baseball League
and was called the “Czarina of Philippine Baseball”.
• She also became the first woman President of the UAAP
for its 1952-1953 season.
• She was fondly called “Mommy” by everyone.
• All of her six children—Celerino Jr., Roberto, Teresita,
Arline, Carla, and Elaine—served in various significant
roles in the administration of the school. 26
Mariano Jr., “Naning”
BS Commerce
• He served as Property
Custodian and as member of
the Board of Trustees.

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Pacita Jhocson-Ocampo
• She served as Property Custodian and
Head of the Purchasing Department.
• Former NU President Teodoro
Ocampo, current VP for
Administration Jose Nilo Ocampo,
and Musical Director Louie
Ocampo’s mother.

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• The grandchildren of Mariano and Miguela grew up seeing their parents, uncles and aunts a closely knit, family-
oriented clan. They saw them as good people in loving relationships with one another and with strong religious
fervor. Yet, in the eyes of the third generation Jhocsons, they were almost rigid in their traditionalism and old-
fashion respect for authority. When a sibling made a wrong decision or was in error, there were no
recriminations. It was always important not to offend the other’s feelings.
• Even sentiments were kept suppressed lest the other take offense. But it kept the Jhocsons together. When the
third generation Jhocsons became involved in running the University, they too subjected themselves to the
authority of the second generation in true Jhocson fashion, even when they recognized red flags emerging from
the dearth of progress and change.
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Consuelo Jhocson Miguel is the
eldest daughter of Domingo and
Josefa Jhocson. She graduated
with a Commerce degree from
National University, and Library
Science from National Teachers’
College. She was NU’s Chief
Librarian for close to two
decades.

30
Emmanuel J. Javier, son of Dr.
Melchor Javier and Florencia Jhocson,
graduated with a Bachelor of Science
in Chemistry from NU and became a
member of the faculty and Head of
Laboratories.

31
Celerino J. Paguia, Jr.—
Coach Sonny—is the eldest
son of Leticia Jhocson and
Celerino Paguia, Sr. For the
longest time, he coached the
NU Bull Pups and the NU
Bulldogs, as well as the
football games of the
Philippine Youth Football
Team.
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Arline Paguia-Asensi-Royo is the second
child of Leticia Jhocson and Celerino Paguia,
Sr. She has a Bachelor of Science in
Commerce and a Doctor of Education from
NU. She served NU for 50 years from 1959
to 2009 in the following capacities: Secretary
of the Board of Trustees, High School
Principal, University Registrar and Vice
President for Academic Affairs. She served
as UAAP Board Member.
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Carla P. Falconit is the fifth child of Leticia Jhocson and Celerino
Paguia, Sr. She is a chemical engineer and like her older sister
Arline, she served NU in various capacities: Dean of Student
Affairs and Vice President for External Affairs. As Dean of
Student Affairs in the 80s, she helped maintain discipline during
riotous student activism in the campus and along the streets of
Sampaloc. She organized and united the different fraternities,
sororities and other “samahan” groups into one brotherhood called
the United Students Organization of National University
(USONU). Carla was a member of the Technical Panel on
Engineering Education of the Commission of Higher Education.
The Chemical Engineering Board of the PRC commended her “for
contributing to the enhancement not only of the Chemical
Engineering profession but also of the entire engineering academic
34
program”.
Pauline A. Paggao is the oldest daughter
of Arline Paguia and Nestor Asensi. She
earned her BS in Banking and Finance
and an MA in Educational Management
from NU. She was the University
Registrar until 2022. A service awardee
(40 years).

35
Teodoro J. Ocampo is the eldest
son of Pacita Jhocson and Benigno
Ocampo. He served as NU
President from 2003-2018. He is
also a member of the UAAP
Board.

36
Jose Nilo J. Ocampo is a son of
Pacita Jhocson and Benigno
Ocampo. He has an Industrial
Engineering degree from NU. He
is the current Vice-President for
Administration of NU. He is also
a member of the UAAP Board.

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Do you have
any questions?
Post-lesson thoughts…

Out of love for his country, the founder’s answer to freedom is

education. How can we continue his legacy and show our…
• appreciation for our education?
• love for country?
 NATIONALIAN
COURSE

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Prepared by: Dr. Richard Ryan Villegas

Reviewed by: Ms. Rc Argonza
God bless, guys!!! Stay
safe and healthy!!! 