Introduction to Computer

Programming

 Instructor Contact Information:

 John A. Rose, PhD (Assoc. Prof., APU ICT Institute)
 APU Office: Building B, Room 414
 Phone: x4414
 E-mail: [email protected]
 Website: http://www.apu.ac.jp/~jarose/
Texts and Materials
 Primary Text: ‘Beginning VB.NET 2003’
 Authors: T. Willis, J. Crossland, R. Blair
 Publisher: Wiley (2004)
 ISBN (Int’l Standard Book Number): 0-7645-5658-4

 Resource: ‘Introduction to Visual Basic .NET

Programming’
 H. Gunarto (Publisher, Tech Publications)
 ISBN: 981-214-154-5

 ‘Introduction to Computer Programming’

 Slide set on Basic Programming with VB Studio .NET
 Available in ‘Instructional Materials’ (J. Rose, Spring Q1 2007)
 PowerPoint slides
 A Slide-based Course Pack also available
 with Prof. N. Dahlan (N.B.: our approach may differ somewhat)
Course Syllabus (tentative)
 Introduction to VB .NET
 Lecture 1 – Introduction and Operation of VB .NET
 Lectures 2-3 – Creating Simple Programs with VB .NET
 Data and Control Structures
 Lectures 4, 5 – Variables and Data Types
 Lecture 6 – Decision Structures
 Lecture 7 – Loop Structures
 Midterm Examination
 Lecture 8 – Subroutines and Functions (Methods)
 Lecture 9 – File Input and Output
 Lecture 10 – Arrays
 Enumerations and Structures
 Lectures 11-12 – Enumerations
 Lecture 12 - Structures
 Lectures 13– Working with Structures (Array Lists)
 Final Examination or Submission of Final Project
Course Methodology
 Lecture materials will be distributed at the beginning of each
class…
 Followed by the Lecture.
 Where possible, examples will be presented with figures.
 Each class is 95 minutes. After each lecture-period:
 students will then be provided time for practice (as time permits).
 For a total of 95 minutes (lecture + practice)
 Teaching Assistants (TAs) will be available to answer questions
during the practice period.
 Note: substantial practice and work beyond the class period will
be required.
Course Evaluation (Grading)
 The final grade (100%) will be awarded using the following
criteria for evaluation (tentative):
 Attendance: 20%
 Students should come to each class.
 Note: points will be deducted for lateness and breaking lab rules.
 Mid-term Exam: 35%
 An in-class test after Lecture 7 (Loop Structures)
 Final Examination: 45%
 A comprehensive, in class test over all course material.

 Important Notes about grading:

 Homework (VB .NET Projects):
 Will be assigned occasionally (do the assigned tasks!)
 It is your responsibility to come to all classes, and do all tasks.

 Note carefully that the above is tentative.

 The above weights/items are subject to change.
 Miscellaneous Instructions
 Students should bring their own
data storage devices:
 Necessary for storing work:
 USB 2.0 Flash Memory (preferred)

 64 MB or higher
 Windows XP Compatible
 CD-RW
 650 or 700 MB
 Floppy Disk
 3.5’, 1.4 MB

 These can be purchased in the APU

Book Store.
Lecture 1: Introduction to VB.NET
Outline
 Introduction:
 Computers, Information, and Information Processing
 Software vs. Hardware
 Programming Languages
 Interpreted vs. Compiled Languages
 Visual Basic (VB)
 VB.NET
 Our IDE for Windows Applications: Visual Studio.NET
 Introduction
 Basic Operation
 Introduction to Basic Program Design
 Basic process for program preparation
 Simple Example: ‘Hello World’
 Program design
 Form and Controls arrangement
 Adding code
 Running, Testing, and Saving the Program
What is a Computer?
 A computer is a logical device for processing information.
 Specifically, computers process data.
 Data = structured information
 Base: Silicon VLSI technology
 VLSI = Very Large Scale Integrated circuits
 Computers are Powerful!
 Can perform logical computations much faster than Humans.
 Current speed (desktop!): 4 x109 basic operations/sec (GHz)
 Each a simple logical operation (division, shift, write, etc)
 Computers are Limited…
 Computation basically sequential…
 One operation at a time.
 In contrast, Humans use parallel processing ( by neurons).
 We are better at complex tasks (e.g., Vision, Pattern Recognition)
 Computers not very ‘adaptive’…
 Standard computers mainly do what they are told.
 Communication difficult (computers think logically):
 Programming languages (and programmers) required!
 Software vs. Hardware
 At the most basic level computers can be decomposed into two
components:
 Hardware and Software

 Hardware = the physical components of the computer system.

 Data Processing: The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Data Storage: Memory storage devices:
 RAM (primary), Hard drive (secondary), flash disks (peripheral), etc
 Data Communication: Devices for Input/Output:
 Input: Keyboard, mouse, etc
 Output: Display, printer, speaker
 Software = the computer programs that run on a computer
 These establish logical control over the hardware:
 Manage the details of Data Processing, Storage, and Communication.
 The Operating System (OS): primary system control
 Windows, Unix, Linux, etc
 Application Software: MS-Word, PowerPoint, Excel, etc
 User-built Applications: using a Programming Language
Computer Languages
 Computer languages can be classified in three types:
 Machine Languages:
 Languages that the Computer can understand…

Each operation a string of digits (1’s and 0’s)

 Machine Dependent: only usable on one platform.
 Difficult for humans to freely use.
 Assembly Languages:
 ‘English-like’: Uses words from natural languages…
 Each an abbreviation for a single machine language operation.
 Translated to Machine Language by special programs:
 Assemblers
 Still not convenient for Humans.
 High-Level Languages:
 So-called Programming Languages.
 Single statements can accomplish bigger tasks:
 Groups of a set of related basic operations.

 Much more convenient for Humans.

Programming Languages
 Many Programming Languages have been developed.
 Some major High Level Languages are:

 Languages allow communication between humans and computers…

 This involves converting abstract algorithms for solving problems into a form
understandable by the computer.
 An ‘executable’ (i.e., run-able) form.
 Such a converted algorithm is called a program.
 The folks that do the conversion (at the high level) are us…the
programmers.
 Interpreted vs. Compiled Languages
 Before execution, instructions in a program must be converted:
 from a text file (words in a Human language)…
 to an executable form (first to assembly, then to machine language)
 Two flavors exist for this conversion process:
 In advance (compiled all at once).
 Conversion by a program called a ‘compiler’.
 Faster, but less adaptable.
 ‘On the fly’ (interpreted one instruction at a time):
 Conversion by a program called an ‘interpreter’.
 Slower, but can be modified at ‘run-time’.
 Programming languages may be of either type...
 Interpreted: Old MS-DOS ‘batch programs’
 Compiled: C, C++, and BASIC
 Some (JAVA, VB .NET) are essentially a combination of both:
 VB .NET: code first compiled into ‘MicroSoft Intermediate Language’…
 Portions of MSIL code later interpreted by an ‘MSIL converter’ to executable
code.
 So-called, ‘Just-In-Time (JIT) Compilation’.
 Either way, some kind of text editor is required to write the program.
Visual Basic and VB .NET
 BASIC
 Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
 Developed as an extension of C, to be a general-purpose
programming language.
 Visual BASIC (VB)
 BASIC + a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 Greatly eases the creation of Windows applications
 Especially, by facilitating the use of re-usable components
 Visual BASIC .NET
 A programming language based on VB 6.0
 Working on the .NET framework of the Microsoft Corporation
 A Platform for cross-language development (C#, VB. NET, J#)
 Includes a large standard library
 Visual Studio .NET
 Microsoft’s Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for VB
.NET.
 Intended mainly for Windows Applications and Web Applications.
 We will use Visual Studio .NET to create all of our programs.
Starting VisualStudio.NET
Creating a New Project
 The VB.NET start screen should appear:
Creating a New Project (cont)
 The ‘New Project’ dialog box will appear.
Visual Studio.NET Screen
 The main screen will appear:
Visual Studio.NET Screen (cont)
 Double-clicking the Design Window brings up the Code Editor.
 This shows your project’s current VB code.
Flow Chart for Program Preparation
Let’s Make a Simple Program
 We start by making a Program Plan:
 A simple description of the desired characteristics and
functionality.
 Often includes an efficient method of solution (algorithm)
 Example: a plan for adding two decimal numbers.
 Simple ‘Welcome’ program (plan):
 Program purpose: Display two simple messages; exit.
 We will use three buttons (each called a ‘Control’)
 We will use VB.Studio’s Design Window to create these.
 Desired functionality (program behavior):
 Clicking Button 1 (‘Welcome’ Button):
 Display ‘Welcome to VB .NET’

 Clicking Button 2 (‘Hello’ Button):

 Display, ‘Hello, World!’

 Clicking Button 3 (‘Exit’ Button):

 Exit (close the program)

 We will add each to our Form using the Design Window…

 …and then add some simple VB .NET code.
Step 1: Making the Project
Step 2: Form and Controls Arrangement
 We now add 1 Label and 3 Buttons to our form…
Step 3: Setting Control Properties
Step 4: Adding the Program Code

 Write the VB code for each button, separately.

Step 4: Adding Code (cont)
Step 5: Program Testing
Step 6: Saving the Program
 Conclusion
 In this lecture, we have discussed:
 Computers and Data Processing
 Programming Languages,
 Visual Basic (VB .NET)

 And become acquainted with the basics of using VB Studio .NET:

 Our IDE for building VB Windows Applications.
 By making our first simple application.

 With the remainder of the lecture, you should practice:

 Open VB .NET and get familiar with the GUI;
 Try, yourself, to make the simple program we discussed.
 Test, save, and verify creation of the project files.