DR.

BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY,

LONERE, MAHARASTRA

A
Seminar Presentation
On

Title:- “Obstacal Avoding Robot”

Presented By :- Rohini R. Narwade(2130331372511)
Meghraj Patil(2030331372020)
Department of Electronics And Telecommunication engineering Lonere,
2022-23
OBSTACLE AVOIDING ROBOT
 CONTENTS:
Project overview. Software used.
Block diagram. Circuit diagram.
Components used Working.
Microcontroller. Applications.
Power supply
Arduino.
Future scope.
Servo motor. Conclusion.
Ultrasonic sensor.
DC motor.
 PROJECT OVERVIEW:
 The project is developed with the motive that no external
commands are given to the robot.
 All the processing from detecting the object to making
turns is done by an Arduino.
 The distance value from the sensor is processed by the
Arduino for making decisions.
 The servo motor is commanded and the dc motor are
also sent the signal for changing directions if an
obstacle is detected.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
 COMPONENTS USED -
POWER SUPPLY:

 The Power supply used here is 9v battery 7805

 MICROCONTROLLER USED – AVR:
 AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel. These are modified
Harvard architecture & 8 bit RISC single-chip microcontrollers.
 AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash
memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable
ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time.
 AVR microcontrollers used in the Arduino board designs.
The 8-bit Arduino used in this project is Atmega328p.
 Atmega328p :
Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328p

It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs).

 6 analog inputs are also available for input or output.

 Atmega328p runs at a 16 MHz clock cycle.

 ARDUINO:
Arduino is a open source electronics
community.
It focuses on using microcontrollers in
advance electronics by building
microcontroller boards.
These boards uses AVR series
microcontrollers for processing and
controlling.
You can blink an LED or control an servo
motor or even send or receive your twitter
messages.
 SERVO Motor:
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for
precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration.

 It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a microcontroller for position

feedback.

Servo motors are small, have built-in control circuitry and have good
power for their size.

Servos are used in radio-controlled airplanes, a robot, or operating

rudders, etc.
 ULTRASONIC Sensor:
As the name suggests, ultrasonic waves are used in this sensor. Also known as HC
SR-04 ultrasonic sensor.
An Ultrasonic sensor is a device that can measure the distance to an object by
using sound waves.
It measures distance by sending out a sound wave at a specific frequency and
listening for that sound wave to bounce back.
By recording the elapsed time the distance is calculated.
 DC Motors:
 A motor is an electrical machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy.
The principle of working of a DC motor is that "whenever a current carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force".
Electrical motors are everywhere around us. Almost all the electro-mechanical
movements we see around us used them,
Additional sensors and electronics control the dc motors.
 SOFTWARE USED:
Microcontrollers mostly use different software's from compiling code or to
creating a ‘hex file’ till making its PCB( Printed Circuit Board ).
Unlike them the Arduino software is an all-in-one design.
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software
(IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a graphic window (Serial
Monitor), a text console, a toolbar with buttons for compiling the code .
Also, it connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them.
Circuit Diagram:
 Working:
The Arduino used here is connected here with sensors and motors both servo and
DC motors.
The sensor receives a signal whenever an obstacle is detected. This signal is then
sent as a feedback to servo motors to change its angle to +90° or -90°. While the
DC motors are stopped.
And then it’s checked that the path is clear. If it is then the DC motors are turned
ON.
The obstacle detection check occurs repeatedly to avoid collision this is possible
due to the sophisticated algorithm used in it.
 Applications:
Obstacle avoiding robots can be used in almost all mobile robot navigation
systems.
 They can be used for household work like automatic vacuum cleaning.
They can also be used in dangerous environments, where human penetration
could be fatal.
Future Scope:
 Conclusion:
We hereby conclude that the Pixel is a versatile and a rugged robot which can
work efficiently in avoiding obstacles in the path and reach its destination.
Also due to its highly efficient algorithm the robot detects the path for exist if
it is surrounded by obstacles from all 3 sides.