Graphing Quadratic

Functions
y = ax2 + bx + c
RECALL ON HOW TO PLOT POINTS IN
A CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM
𝒚
𝑨

𝒙
𝒚
𝑨

𝒙
 Rectangular
Coordinate System
World Map

Philippines
 He is a French mathematician and a
philosopher of the 17th century.
 Also known as the “Father of Modern
Mathematics”.
 Invented a system that relates the
correspondence between the points on a
plane to a point of real numbers known
as Rectangular Coordinate System.

“Cartesian Coordinate System”

 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 Ordered pair
5
4
3
(𝒙 , 𝒚 )
2
1
𝒈 𝒊 𝒏
𝒐𝒓𝒊 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

Cartesian Coordinate System

 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 Ordered pair
5
4 (𝒙 , 𝒚 )
3
2
𝒐𝒓 or or
𝒊𝒈 1 abscissa ordinate
𝒊𝒏
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝟎 , 𝟎 ) -1 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
( -2
-3
-4
-5

Cartesian Coordinate System

 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
5
Quadrant II 4 Quadrant I
(-,+) 3
2
(+,+)
(𝟎 , 𝟎) 1
𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1

Quadrant III -2 Quadrant IV

-3
(-,-) -4 (+,-)
-5

Cartesian Coordinate System

Bring out your graphing
paper or math notebook
and draw a Cartesian
Coordinate System.
 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Plot the following points and
identify the quadrant.

N
N (4,3) QI

𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Plot the following points and
identify the quadrant.

U N
N (4,3) QI
U (-4,3) Q II 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Plot the following points and
identify the quadrant.

N
N (4,3) QI U
U (-4,3) Q II 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
M (-4,-3) Q III

M
 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Plot the following points and
identify the quadrant.

N
N (4,3) QI U
U (-4,3) Q II 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
M (-4,-3) Q III
B (4,-3) Q IV
M B
 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Plot the following points and
identify the quadrant.
N
N (4,3) QI U
U (-4,3) Q II 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
M (-4,-3) Q III
B (4,-3) Q IV E
E (0,-2) y-axis M B
 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Plot the following points and
identify the quadrant.
N
N (4,3) QI U
U (-4,3) Q II R 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
M (-4,-3) Q III
B (4,-3) Q IV E
E (0,-2) y-axis M B
R (5,0) x-axis
 Describe the location of the
landmarks in San Fabian.
(-2,6) (7,6)
1. Catholic Church (0,3)
2. Public Market
(-6,3)
3. Binday Dam
4. Municipal Hall
5. San Fabian Beach (-6,-2)
6. Roheim Farm & Resort (3,-2)
7. PTA Beach Resort
8. Mary Help of Christians
Theology Seminary (-7,-4) (7,-5)
When a quadratic function is written in the form
y = ax2 + bx + c, the value of a determines the
direction a parabola opens.
• A parabola opens upward when a > 0.

• A parabola opens downward when a < 0.

Example 1: Identifying the Direction of a Parabola
Tell whether the graph of the quadratic
function opens upward or downward. Explain.

Write the function in the form

y = ax2 + bx + c by solving for y.

Add to both sides.

Identify the value of a.
Since a > 0, the parabola opens upward.
Example 2: Identifying the Direction of a Parabola

Tell whether the graph of the quadratic

function opens upward or downward. Explain.
y = 5x – 3x2
Write the function in the
y = –3x2 + 5x form y = ax2 + bx + c.

a = –3 Identify the value of a.

Since a < 0, the parabola opens downward.
The highest or lowest point on a parabola is the
vertex.

If a parabola opens upward, the vertex is the

lowest point. If a parabola opens downward, the
vertex is the highest point.
Identify the vertex of each parabola. Then give
the minimum or maximum value of the function.

A. B.

The vertex is (–3, 2), and The vertex is (2, 5), and
the minimum is 2. the maximum is 5.
 Check It Out! Example 3
Identify the vertex of each parabola. Then give
the minimum or maximum value of the function.
a. b.

The vertex is (–2, 5) and The vertex is (3, –1), and

the maximum is 5. the minimum is –1.
For the graph of y = x2 – 4x + 5,
the range begins at the minimum
value of the function, where y = 1.
All the y-values of the function are
greater than or equal to 1. So the
range is y  1.
 Example 4: Finding Domain and Range
Find the domain and range.

Step 1 The graph opens

downward, so identify the
maximum.
The vertex is (–5, –3), so
the maximum is –3.

Step 2 Find the domain and

range.
D: all real numbers
R: y ≤ –3
 Line of Symmetry
Lineyof
Parabolas have a symmetric
Symmetry
property to them.

If we drew a line down the

middle of the parabola, we
could fold the parabola in half.

We call this line the line of x

symmetry.

Or, if we graphed one side of

the parabola, we could “fold”
(or REFLECT) it over, the line
of symmetry to graph the other The line of symmetry ALWAYS
side. passes through the vertex.
 Finding the Line of Symmetry

When a quadratic function is in For example…

standard form
Find the line of symmetry of
y = ax + bx + c,
2
y = 3x2 – 18x + 7
The equation of the line of
symmetry is Using the formula…

x  b x  18  18  3
2a 23 6
This is best read as …
the opposite of b divided by the Thus, the line of symmetry is x = 3.
quantity of 2 times a.
 Finding the Vertex
We know the line of symmetry y = –2x2 + 8x –3
always goes through the vertex.
STEP 1: Find the line of symmetry
Thus, the line of symmetry
gives us the x – coordinate of x  b  8  8  2
2a 2(2) 4
the vertex. STEP 2: Plug the x – value into the
original equation to find the y value.
To find the y – coordinate of the
y = –2(2)2 + 8(2) –3
vertex, we need to plug the x –
value into the original equation. y = –2(4)+ 8(2) –3

y = –8+ 16 –3
y=5
Therefore, the vertex is (2 , 5)
 A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
The standard form of a quadratic There are 3 steps to graphing a
function is given by parabola in standard form.
y = ax2 + bx + c

MAKE
USE in A
Plugthe theTABLE
equation
line of
STEP 1: Find the line of symmetry
symmetry (x – value) to
using -
x – valuesb close to
STEP 2: Find the vertex
obtain x =
the y – value
the line of symmetry.of the
2a
vertex.

STEP 3: Find two other points and reflect

them across the line of symmetry. Then
connect the five points with a smooth
curve.
 A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
Let's Graph ONE! Try … y

y = 2x2 – 4x – 1
STEP 1: Find the line of
symmetry

-b 4
x= = =1 x
2a 2(2)

Thus the line of symmetry is x = 1

 A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
Let's Graph ONE! Try … y

y = 2x2 – 4x – 1
STEP 2: Find the vertex

Since the x – value of the

vertex is given by the line of
symmetry, we need to plug
in x = 1 to find the y – value
x
of the vertex.

y = 2(1)2 - 4(1) - 1 = - 3

Thus the vertex is (1 ,–3).

 A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
Let's Graph ONE! Try … y

y = 2x2 – 4x – 1

STEP 3: Find two other points

and reflect them across the line
of symmetry. Then connect the
five points with a smooth
curve.
x y x
2
y = 2 ( 2) - 4 ( 2) - 1 = - 1
2 –1
y = 2(3)2 - 4(3) - 1 = 5
3 5
 Graph Quadratic
Functions
Example Consider the quadratic function
y = -x2 + 8x – 12.
a. Determine whether the parabola opens upward or
downward.
b. Find the y-intercept.
c. Find the vertex.
d. Find the equation of the axis of symmetry.
e. Find the x-intercepts, if any.
f. Draw the graph.

continued
a. Since a is -1, which is less than 0, the parabola
opens downward.

b. To find the y-intercept, set x = 0 and solve for y.

y  (0) 2  8(0)  12  12

The y-intercept is (0, 12)

continued
c. First, find the x-coordinate, then find the y-
coordinate of the vertex. From the function, a = -1,
b = 8, and c = -12.
b 8
x  4
2a 2(1)
Since the x-coordinate of the vertex is not a fraction,
we will substitute x = 4 into the original function to
determine the y-coordinate of the vertex.
y   x 2  8 x  12
y  (4) 2  8(4)  12
 16  32  12  4
The vertex is (4, 4).
continued
d. Since the axis of symmetry is a vertical line
through the vertex, the equation is found using the
same formula used to find the x-coordinate of the
vertex (see part c). Thus, the equation of the axis of
symmetry is x = 4.

continued
e. To find the x-intercepts, set y = 0.
x  8 x  12  0
2

( x  6)( x  2)  0
x6  0 or x20
x6 x2
Thus, the x-intercepts are (2, 0) and (6, 0). These
values could also be found by the quadratic formula
(or by completing the square).

continued
f. Draw the graph.
Draw the graph of each given quadratic functions.
• 1. y= x² + 4x + 3
• 2. y= x² - 4x + 3
• 3. y= -x² + 5x + 6
After graphing identify..
a. Opening of the graph ____
b. Vertex: ______minimum value______or maximum value_____
c. Axis of symmetry: x= ___
d. Domain: _______, Range: _______, x- intercepts: ______
3.