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Computer Fundamentals

Computer Fundamentals

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Joel Manio
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8 views

Computer Fundamentals

Computer Fundamentals

Uploaded by

Joel Manio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

PRESENTATION OF

INFORMATION
PROCESSING SYSTEM
Presented By:
Prof. Joel A. Manio, MIE
Information Processing System
 DATA is a collection of independent and
unorganized facts.
 INFORMATION is the processed and
organized data presented in a meaningful
form.
 DATA PROCESSING is the course of
doing things in a sequence of steps.
Information Processing System
 COMPUTER is an electronic machine that
follows a set of instructions in order that it
may be able to accept and gather data
and transform these into information.
PROCESSING
SYSTEM

DATA INFORMATION
Functions of an Information
Processing System
1. It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)
2. It processes data to become information.
(PROCESSING)
3. It stores data and information. (STORE)
4. It presents information. (OUTPUT)
Three Major Components of an
Information Processing System
 HARDWARE is the tangible part of a
computer system.
 SOFTWARE is the non-tangible part that
tells the computer how to do its job.
 PEOPLEWARE refer to people who use
and operate the computer system, write
computer programs, and analyze and
design the information system.
Basic Units of Measurement
 BIT is a unit of information equivalent to
the result of a choice between only 2
possible alternatives in the binary number
system.
 BYTE is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to
represent one character of alphanumeric
data) processed as a single unit for
information.
Basic Units of Measurement
 1,000 bytes =1 kilobyte (K or
KB)
1,000 KB =1 megabyte (MB)
1,000 MB =1 gigabyte (GB)
1,000 GB =1 Terabyte (TB)
HARDWARE
 Hardware refers to the physical parts of a
computer and related device.
 Hardware devices include
motherboard,hard drive and RAM.
 Hardware is the ‘soul’ of the computer.
Basic hardware of a PC system
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Memory Unit
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Secondary Storage Devices
1. Central Processing Unit
 Brain of the computer.
 It directs and controls the entire computer
system and performs all arithmetic and
logical operations.
2. Memory Unit
 Where the programs and
data are stored .
 READ ONLY MEMORY
(ROM) contains the pre-
programmed computer
instructions such as the Basic
Input Output System (BIOS).
 RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY (RAM) is used to
store the programs and data
that you will run. Exists only
when there is power.
3. Input Devices
 Allows data and programs to be sent to
the CPU.
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Joystick
 Microphone
 Webcam
 Scanner
 Monitor
4. Output Devices
 Media used by the computer in displaying
its responses to our requests and
instructions.
 Monitor
 Audio Speakers
 Printer
5. Secondary Storage Devices
 Attached to the computer system to allow
you to store programs and data
permanently for the purpose of retrieving
them for future use.
 Floppy disk, Hard disk, CD Rom
Software
A set of instructions and its
documentations that tells a computer what
to do or how to perform a task.
 Software and programs are
interchangeable.
 Two major types:
 System and Applications
Kinds of Software
1. System software is software designed to provide a
platform for other software. Examples of system
software include operating systems like macOS,
Linux OS and Microsoft windows.
2. Application software is a program or group of
programs designed for end users. Examples of an
application include a word processor, a
spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web
browser, an email client.

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