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12 - Exponential Functions

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19 views12 pages

12 - Exponential Functions

Uploaded by

chetnasingh1804
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exponential Functions

The equation y = bx is an exponential function provided that


b is a positive number other than 1. Exponential functions
have variables as exponents.

Generalizations about Exponential Functions


• The domain is the set of real numbers, and the range is the
set of positive real numbers
• if b > 1, the graph of y = bx rises from left to right and
intersects the y-axis at (0, 1). As x decreases, the negative
x-axis is a horizontal asymptote of the graph.
• If 0 < b < 1, the graph of y = bx falls from left to right and
intersects the y-axis at (0, 1). As x increases, the positive
x-axis is a horizontal asymptote of the graph.
Graphs of Exponential Functions
Let’s look at the graph of y = 2x

Let’s look at the graph of y = (½)x

x 2x x (½)x
-3 .125 -3 8
-2 .25 -2 4
-1 .5 -1 2
0 1 0 1
1 2 1 .5
2 4 2 .25 That
3 8 3 .125 was
easy
Comparing Graphs of
Exponential Functions
What happens to the graph of y = bx
as the value of b changes?
Now, let’s look
Let’s look at at the graphs.
some tables
of values.

x 2x 4x 6x
-3 .125 .01563 .00463
-2 .25 .0625 .02778 I think I see a
-1 .5 .25 .16667 pattern here.
0 1 1 1
1 2 4 6
2 4 16 36
3 8 64 216
Let’s Look at the Other Side
What happens to the graph of y = bx
when b < 1 and the value of b changes?

Now, let’s look


at the graphs.
Let’s look at
some tables
of values.
x (½)x (¼)x
I knew there
-3 8 64
-2 4 16
was going to
-1 2 4 be a pattern!
0 1 1
1 .5 .25
2 .25 .0625
3 .125 .01563
Let’s Shift Things Around
Let’s take another look at the graph of y = 2x

Now, let’s compare


this to the graphs of
y = (2x)+3 x (2x)+3 2(x+3)
and -3 3.125 1
y = 2(x+3) -2 3.25 2
-1 3.5 4
0 4 8
1 5 16
2 7 32
3 11 64
Translations of Exponential Functions

The translation Th, k maps y = f(x) to y = f(x - h) + k

Hey, that rings a Remember if f(x) = x2,


bell! then f(a - 3) = (a - 3)2
It looks like that
evaluating functions It’s all starting
stuff. to come back
to me now.
Since y and f(x) are the Sam Ting,
We can apply this concept to the
equation y = bx
Let’s take a closer look
If y = bx and y = f(x), then f(x) = bx

This is a little confusing,


but I’m sure it gets easier.

If the translation Th, k maps y = f(x) to y = f(x - h) + k


Then the translation Th, k maps y = bx to y = b(x - h) + k

This will be easier to understand


if we put some numbers in here.
Now we have a Formula
The translation Th, k maps y = bx to y = b(x - h) + k

Let’s try a translation on our


basic exponential equation
Let’s apply the transformation
T3, 1 to the equation y = 2x
The transformed equation would be y = 2(x - 3) + 1

I’m not ready to push the easy button yet.


Let’s look at some other examples first.
Let’s look at some graphs
Let’s start with the graph of y = 2x

Let’s go
one step
at a time.
When the
transformation Step 1 y = 2(x - 3)
T3, 1 is applied What happened
to the equation to the graph?
y = 2x we get
y = 2(x - 3) + 1 Step b y = 2(x - 3) + 1
What happened
to the graph now?

What conclusions can we


make from this example?
Let’s look at some other graphs
Let’s start with the graph of y = 2x

Let’s go
one step
at a time.
When the
transformation Step 1 y = 2(x + 4)
T-4, -2 is applied What happened
to the equation to the graph?
y = 2x we get
y = 2(x + 4) - 2 Step b y = 2(x + 4) - 2
What happened
to the graph now?

What conclusions can we


make from this example?
Let’s Summarize Translations
The translation Th, k maps y = bx to y = b(x - h) + k

Positive k shifts the


This translation
graph up k units stuff sounds
pretty shifty,
Negative k shifts the but don’t let it
graph down k units scare you.

Positive h shifts the


graph left h units
Negative h shifts the
graph right h units
This exponential equation
stuff is pretty easy.
I feel
like Oh my! I think
jumping I’ll just push the
for joy! easy button.

That
was
easy

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