JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION

Effectiveness of video-assisted teaching programme and mobile

application on knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding
management of common minor discomforts of pregnancy
among primi-gravida mothers– A pilot study from South India.

M Punitha, Zeanath Cariena Joseph, P Srinivasan in 2023.

Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research
PRESENTED BY- Ms. Rekha Dehriya (Lecturer)
Chirayu College of Nursing Bhopal
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy might lead to various physiological
changes that may end up in a diversity of
symptoms and frequently to gastrointestinal
complaints, such as heartburn, nausea,
vomiting, or constipation. With adequate
information and timely care, the majority of
mild problems that arise during pregnancy
can be reduced.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The main aim is to evaluate the efficacy of
video-assisted teaching programme and
mobile application in improving primi-
gravida women’s knowledge, attitudes, and
practices about how to handle common
pregnancy discomforts.
 INTRODUCTION
An important feature of the WHO Guidelines
emphasis on standard maternal and fetal
assessments, but also on nutrition during pregnancy
as Most women do not meet the recommendations
for healthful nutrition and weight before and
during pregnancy, on the prevention and treatment
of physiological problems commonly experienced
during pregnancy.
During pregnancy, there are anatomical, physical,
psychological, and biochemical changes to all the systems
in the body. Pregnancy might lead to various
physiological changes that may end up in a diversity of
symptoms and frequently to gastrointestinal complaints,
such as heartburn, nausea and vomiting, constipation.
Research indicates that knowledge among
primigravida mothers about the benefits of commencing
a multivitamin regimen at conception may reduce their
chance of experiencing nausea and vomiting throughout
pregnancy, hence lowering the infrequent chance of
developing Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
A Quantitative research approach with one group pre-
test and post-test design was adopted to conduct this
current pilot study to determine the efficacy of a video-
assisted teaching programme and mobile application on
knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding
management of common minor discomforts of
pregnancy among primigravida mothers attending
selected PHC centre was carried out during the period
from April 2023 to May 2023 in the state of Karnataka,
India.
ETHICAL APPROVAL
After obtaining ethical approval from the
Institutional Ethics Committee of Sri Devaraj Urs
College of Nursing, Karnataka (SDUAHER/KLR/
CEC/29 /2018-19 dt 14.05.2018), permission was
obtained from the District Health Officer for
conducting the study at Narasapura PHC Centre,
Kolar, Karnataka.
STUDY SETTING
• The setting chosen for the study was a PHC centre
where an adequate number of primigravida mothers
regularly visit for their check-ups and it was highly
convenient for the researcher to implement the
educational intervention.
• The present study was prepared and reported as per
the guidelines/checklist of Transparent Reporting of
Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND).
METHODOLOGY
A quantitative research approach with the one group pre-
test and post-test design was adopted to conduct this pilot
study among a total of 20 primigravida mothers attending
the PHC Centre by purposive sampling technique with the
following Inclusion Criteria-
• The primigravida mothers in 2nd or 3rd trimester visiting
the selected antenatal clinic.
• Able to speak and understand English or Kannada
language.
• Those willing to participate.
• Exclusion Criteria- The primigravida mothers belongs to
the healthcare profession.
• The sample characteristics proforma was used to collect the
data regarding demographic variables, clinical variables, and
psychosocial variables using SAQ (Paper-pencil) technique
with record analysis, and structured knowledge questionnaire,
attitude Likert scale, and practice scale were employed to
collect the data regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice
regarding management of common minor discomforts of
pregnancy using SAQ (Paper-pencil) technique.
• Tools were validated by research experts and the internal
consistency reliability of KR-20 for knowledge questionnaire,
and Cronbach’s Alpha for attitude and practice scales was
ensured before the data collection and found to be acceptable.
• After obtaining consent from the mothers, they were
administered video-assisted teaching having the contents on
knowledge, attitude, and practice aspects regarding the
management of various minor discomforts of pregnancy.
• Later the mobile app was installed for further enhancement
of knowledge among mothers on various minor discomforts
such as morning problems, heartburn, back pain, frequent
urination, constipation, etc.
• Knowledge, attitude, and practice were measured using
structured tools at the baseline (day 1) and after the
administration of video-assisted teaching with mobile app-
based follow-up education on day 15.
DATA ANALYSIS
• The data was checked for its normal distribution with the
Shapiro-Wilk test and found knowledge, attitude, and practice
scores were normally distributed. Thus, the hypotheses were
tested at the 0.05 level of significance using the parametric
test. The data were analysed with trial SPSS version 22.0.
• Descriptive statistics comprising of frequency, percentage,
mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the
sample characteristics and dependent variables (knowledge,
attitude, and practice).
• Inferential statistics such as paired t-test was employed to test
the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching programme with
mobile app applications on knowledge, attitude, and practices
regarding management of common minor discomforts of
pregnancy.
RESULTS
Description of sample characteristics among
primigravida mothers-
• Based on the sociodemographic variables profile
majority of the primigravida mothers participated in
the study were in the age group of 21-30 years (90%),
all of them belonged to Hindu religion (100%),
Majority of the primigravida mothers studies up to
secondary education (55%), undergone non-
consanguineous marriage (80%), were housewife
(80%), coming from semi-urban (75%) and nuclear
family (65%).
• Based on the clinical variables- the majority of the
primigravida mothers reported normal BMI
(75%), were in the second trimester (85%), and
the majority of them had no family history of
hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular
diseases, no self-history of alcohol intake and any
other medications
Description of knowledge, attitude, and practice
before and after intervention among primigravida
mothers-
• Based on the level of knowledge, the majority 11
(55%) of the primigravida mothers had
inadequate knowledge whereas the majority of the
primigravida mothers 14 (70%) had reported
adequate knowledge after undergoing video-
assisted teaching program and mobile application
with the overall knowledge mean score improved
from 34.47±2.31 to 59.14±9.62.
• Based on the level of attitude, the majority 12 (60%) of the
primigravida mothers had a favorable attitude whereas the
favorable attitude increased among the primigravida mothers
13 (65%) after undergoing the video assisted teaching program
and mobile application with the overall attitude mean score
improved from 68.30±1.08 to 77.90±5.12.
• Based on the level of practice, the majority 14 (70%) of the
primigravida mothers had good practices whereas the level of
good practices increased among the primigravida mothers 17
(85%) after undergoing video-assisted teaching program and
mobile application with the overall practice mean score
improved from 13.80±2.82 to 20.32±6.10.
Effectiveness of video-assisted teaching programme and mobile application
• The efficacy of video-assisted teaching and mobile application on
knowledge, attitude, and practice using paired t-test revealed that the
mean post-test knowledge (t=12.54, p=<0.001), attitude (t=8.07,
p=<0.001), and practice (t=3.47, p=<0.01) scores significantly improved
from the baseline score at 0.05 level of significance.
Correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice among
primigravida mothers
• The Pearson coefficient of correlation test for a relationship between all
dependent variables revealed that the nonsignificant moderate positive
correlation was reported between knowledge and attitude (r=0.27,
p=0.10), and knowledge and practice (r=0.33, p=0.08) whereas
significant highly moderate positive correlation was reported between
attitude and practice (r=0.64, p=<0.01) at 0.05 level of significance which
infers that knowledge, attitude, and practice are positively related and
changes in any one component would bring changes in the similar
direction among other components.
Association of knowledge, attitude, and practice with selected
sample characteristics
• The association of post-test knowledge, attitude, and practice
levels with selected sample characteristics calculated using
Chi-square revealed that both knowledge and practice levels
were associated with type of family, income status, and place of
residence, and attitude post-test level were associated with
religion at 0.05 level of significance. Further, practice was
additionally associated with religion and occupation. All the
other socio-demographic, and clinical variables were found to
be independent of knowledge, attitude, and practice in
primigravida mothers.
DISCUSSION
• Findings from this study reveal that video-assisted teaching
and mobile app were, an effective method of teaching to
improve knowledge, Attitude, and practice. This shows that
educational programmes are very important for enhancing
Primigravida knowledge and attitudes and practice towards
minor discomforts during pregnancy.
• Despite having a better attitude and practice at baseline,
most of the primigravida mothers in this study had poor
knowledge. However, after receiving video-assisted
instruction with follow-up via mobile apps, their knowledge
significantly improved.
CONCLUSION
The research findings indicated that video-assisted
teaching along with a mobile app in their own
language was found useful method of educating
primigravida mothers to increase their knowledge
and to generate favorable attitudes regarding the
management of minor discomforts during
pregnancy.
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