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AICT Lecture 2

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Abdullah Saleem
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54 views17 pages

AICT Lecture 2

Uploaded by

Abdullah Saleem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 02

Hardware versus Software

 There are two basic parts that make up a


computer...
Hardware Software
Hardware Components
INPUT SYSTEM UNIT OUTPUT

PERMANENT
STORAGE
Input Devices

INPUT SYSTEM UNIT OUTPUT

PERMANENT
STORAGE
System Unit

INPUT SYSTEM UNIT OUTPUT

PERMANENT
STORAGE
System Unit

INPUT SYSTEM UNIT OUTPUT

PERMANENT
STORAGE

System Unit:
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Memory
Schematic Diagram of a Personal
Computer...
bus
Disk
Printer
controller
Mouse Ports
Keyboard
Graphics
Modem Monitor
card

CPU Speakers
Sound
card

RAM
Network
card
Computer
Computer Architecture
 Central Processing Unit (CPU) or
processor

 Arithmetic/Logic unit (ALU)


 Performs operations on data
such as addition and subtraction

 Control unit
 Coordinating the CPU’s activities

 Registers
 Temporary storage for the CPU
Computer Architecture
2+3=5

2+3 =5 5

2 2

3 3

 Task: Add two values stored in main memory (RAM)


 Data (two values) must be transferred from main memory to registers within the CPU
 ALU: Values are added
 Result stored in main memory (RAM)
Two Types of Software

 Software is the programs and applications that tell the


computer what to do and how to look.

 Computer programmers write the codes/instructions that


make-up software applications/programs.

 Types of Software

 Application Software

 Operating System Software


Application Software

 Business software: word processors, spreadsheets, and database


programs.

 Communication software: allows computers to communicate with


other computers: Skype

 Graphics software: software that allows users to create and


manipulate graphics: Photoshop, Print Shop, etc.

 Education and Reference software: Programs that help teach new


material and ideas, and programs that can be used to find
information : Encarta, Worldbook Encyclopedia.

 Entertainment software
Operating System Software

Software which manages the overall operation of the


computer system including:
 hardware (CPU, RAM, I/O)
 security
 system interface
Command Line Operating
Systems

DOS is an example of a command line


operating system.
Operating Systems: GUI

 GUI stands for Graphical User Interface

 Uses pictures (icons) to represent files,


folders,disk drives, modems, printers, etc

 GUI’s were created to make using a


computer easier, more interesting to
inexperienced users.

 A mouse allows users to point at


something and click to make it work.
The User’s View

Rick Graziani [email protected] 15


Rick Graziani [email protected] 16
Special & General Purpose
Computers
 Special purpose or dedicated computers
 A special-purpose computer is designed for special
functions only. It is usually made to do one thing
only
 A device with a specific purpose such ATM.

 General purpose computer


A general purpose computer is used for different
programs for different functions. It can be
used to do a lot of things.

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