Scribd
Upload
11 views

Lecture 1 Introduction-2#

Uploaded by

Michael
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Lecture 1 Introduction-2#

Uploaded by

Michael
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Network Design

Networks
• A network is a set of devices (often referred to as
nodes or station) connected by communication
links.
• It consists of two or more entities or objects sharing
resources and information.
• It is a set of equipment’s (often referred as data
terminal equipment (DTE), devices or simply
terminals, computers or nodes ..) connected by a
communication channel, for the purpose of sharing
information and communication.
Computer network
• A Computer network consists of two or more
autonomous computers /devices that are
linked (connected) together in order to:
– Share resources (files, printers, modems, fax
machines).
– Share Application software like MS Office.
– Allow Electronic communication.
– Increase productivity (makes it easier to share
data amongst users).
Reasons for networking
• Sharing of hardware
– Computer hardware resources
– Disks
– Printers.
• Sharing of software
– Multiple single user licenses are more expensive than
multi-user
– license.
– Easy maintenance of software
• Sharing of information
– Several individuals can interact with each other
– Working in groups can be formed
Reasons for networking
• Communication
– e-mail
– internet telephony
– audio conferencing
– video conferencing
• Scalability
– Individual subsystems can be created and combined
into a main
– system to enhance the overall performance.
• Distributed systems
– In a networked environment computers can distribute
the work load among themselves keeping
transparency to the end user
Advantages of computer networks
Resource sharing: All programs, remote
equipment and especially data can be available
to anyone on the network.
High reliability: Files could be replicated on two
or three machines, so if one of them is
unavailable (due to some hardware breakdown),
the other copies of the files could be used.
Advantages of computer networks
• Saving Money: Typically there are many
clients using a small number of servers.
• Communication Medium : A computer
network can provide a powerful
communication medium among widely
separated people.
• Scalability: To increase system performance as
the workload grows, just adding more
computers.
History of Networking
Classification of Networks
(Network types)

• Classification by network geography.


• Classification by component roles.
Classification by Network
Geography
• Networks are frequently classified according
to the geographical boundaries spanned by
the network itself.
• LAN, WAN, and MAN are the basic types of
classification, of which LAN and WAN are
frequently used.
Classification by Network
Geography
Local area network (LAN):
– A LAN covers a relatively small area such as a
classroom, school, or a single building.
– LANs are inexpensive to install and also provide
higher speeds.
Classification by Network
Geography

Local area network


Classification by Network
Geography
Metropolitan area network (MAN):
– A MAN spans the distance of a typical
metropolitan city.
– The cost of installation and operation is higher.
– MANs use high-speed connections such as fiber
optics to achieve higher speeds.
Classification by Network
Geography

Metropolitan area network


Classification by Network
Geography
Wide area network (WAN):
– WANs span a larger area than a single city.
– These use long distance telecommunication
networks for connection, thereby increasing the
cost.
– The Internet is a good example of a WAN.
Classification by Network
Geography

Wide area network


Classification by Component Roles
• Networks can also be classified according to
the roles that the networked computers play
in the network’s operation.
• Peer-to-peer, server-based, and client-based
are the types of roles into which networks are
classified.
Classification by Component Roles
Peer-to-peer:
– In a peer-to-peer network, all computers are
considered equal.
– Each computer controls its own information and is
capable of functioning as either a client or a server
depending upon the requirement.
– Peer-to-peer networks are inexpensive and easy to
install.
– They are popular as home networks and for use in
small companies.
Classification by Component Roles
Peer-to-peer (continued):
– Most operating systems come with built-in peer-
to-peer networking capability.
– The maximum number of peers that can operate
on a peer-to-peer network is ten.
– Each peer shares resources and allows others
open access to them.
Classification by Component Roles
Peer-to-peer (continued):
– Peer-to-peer networks become difficult to
manage when more security is added to
resources, since the users control their security by
password-protecting shares.
– Shares can be document folders, printers,
peripherals, and any other resource that they
control on their computers.
Classification by Component Roles

Peer-to-peer network
Classification by Component Roles
Server-based:
– A server-based network offers centralized control
and is designed for secure operations.
– In a server-based network, a dedicated server
controls the network.
Classification by Component Roles
Server-based (continued):
– A dedicated server is one that services the
network by storing data, applications, resources,
and also provides access to resources required by
the client.
– These servers can also control the network’s
security from one centralized location or share it
with other specially configured servers.
Classification by Component Roles

Server-based network
Classification by Component Roles
Client-based:
– Client-based network servers process requests
from clients and return just the results.
– These networks take advantage of the powerful
processing capabilities of both the client and the
server.
– Application servers and communications servers
are examples of client-based networks.
Classification by Component Roles

Client-based network

You might also like