Objectives by The End of The Lesson You Should Be Able To

OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson you should be able to;
Explain the following ICT Terminologies

(a)Data
(b)information
©E-learning
(d)ICT
(e)ICTs
Define the information processing cycle
Explain how data is processed into a meaningful information
State at least three devices used in each stage of the IPC
Identify at least four career opportunities in ICT education

What is data?
It refers the raw, unprocessed facts, including text,
numbers, images, and sounds, are called data
What is information?
Information simply refers to processed

data which is meaningful to the user.
What is E-learning
E-learning is a type of learning conducted digitally via electronic media,

typically involving the internet.
It can be accessed via most electronic devices including a

computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone, making it a versatile and
easy way for students to learn wherever they are. E-learning
resources come in a variety of forms – from software
programmes and digital courses to interactive online platform and
apps.
continuation
DIGITAL MATERIALS
E-learning can be carried out via the consumption of videos, PDF documents,
slideshows and word documents. Thanks to the availability of these
resources, it’s incredibly easy for anybody to teach themselves a new skill at
their own pace
WHAT IS ICT
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is the use of computing

and telecommunication technologies, systems and tools to facilitate the way
information is created, collected, processed, transmitted and stored.
It includes computing technologies like servers, laptop computers and

software applications, as well as the wired and wireless communication
technologies that support telephones, the Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT)
and the metaverse. The goal of ICT is to improve access to information and
and make human-to-human, human-to-machine and machine-to-machine (
M2M) communication easier and more efficient
Information processing cycle
What is the information processing cycle?
Is the sequence of events in processing
data into information, which includes
• (1) input
• (2) processing
• (3) output
• (4) storage
HOW DATA IS PROCESSED INTO INFORMATION
Data in its raw form is not useful to any organization. Data

processing is the method of collecting raw data and
translating it into usable information.
It is usually performed in a step-by-step process by a team of

data scientists and data engineers in an organization. The raw
data is collected, filtered, sorted, processed, analyzed,
stored, and then presented in a readable format.
How does a computer process
information?
Information Processing Cycle
Storage
Input Processing Output

Input stage
• In this step, the raw data is converted into machine
readable form and fed into the processing unit. This
can be in the form of data entry through a
keyboard, scanner or any other input source.
Processing Stage
• In this stage, the raw data is subjected to various data
processing methods using machine learning and artificial
intelligence algorithms to generate a desirable output.
• CPU Processor - Central Processing Unit
• A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor,
is the key component in a digital computer capable of
executing a program. It interprets computer program
instructions and processes data. CPUs provide the fundamental
digital computer trait of programmability, and are one of
the necessary components found in computers of any era,
along with memory and input/output facilities
Stage 3: storage Stage
• The last step of the data processing cycle is storage, where
data and metadata are stored for further use. This allows
for quick access and retrieval of information whenever
needed, and also allows it to be used as input in the next
data processing cycle directly.
CPU
Stage 4: Output Stage
• The data is finally transmitted and displayed to the user
in a readable form like graphs, tables, vector files, audio,
video, documents, etc. This output can be stored and
further processed in the next data processing cycle.
Stage 4: Distribute
• Finally, the information needs to be sent elsewhere (or
stored) so it can be used later
• Our brain makes “memories” of the information, and we

may write it down to look over later
• Computers use “peripherals” to do this

– ex/ hard drive, CDs or DVDs to burn, Internet
1.Input
-entering data into the computer.
Typical input devices:
• Keyboards, mice, flatbed scanners, bar code
readers, joysticks, digital data tablets (for
graphic drawing), electronic cash registers
keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Barcode reader
joystick
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN ICT
• Systems administrators (or
a) System administrator :
managers) configure, maintain, and ensure the

continued reliability of computer systems. They
mostly deal with multi-use computers, including
severs. An organisation’s system administrator
manages IT infrastructure, including servers and
network equipment. The role is essential to the
successful operation of any company with a
computer system. A degree in a field such as
information technology or computer science is often
required for administrator positions.
B) Web site designers
create the "look and feel" that visitors will see when they access a site on the
World Wide Web.
Web site designers determine the most effective site layouts, color schemes,
navigational links and fonts to maintain visitor interest in the site. Site
designers primarily establish the organization, mood and tone of the site
relative to its content, with input from various parties.
These parties include members of the marketing, sales and IT departments. In
short, Web site designers are responsible for developing the user interface and
aesthetics of a Web site, given input from those who know the company's
audience and the company's technological abilities
C) Database administrator :
are responsible for the maintenance and security of an organization's database resources and
data.
They are also responsible for researching and analyzing the latest database technologies and
developments, and for providing recommendations to senior management about database use
and information management procedures and standards.
Database administrators develop and implement database maintenance plans to check the
integrity of the data, manage the physical resources necessary to store and manipulate the data,
administer and enforce data usage standards, and audit database systems to maintain system
performance.
Database administrators also manage backup and recovery procedures to prevent data loss, and
apply database software upgrades and repairs as needed.
d) Computer Animator
• These creative professionals design visually stunning

animations for a range of mediums, including film,
television, video games, mobile apps and websites.
d) Computer programmer:
• Primary duties: A computer programmer is someone who writes

new computer software using coding languages like HTML,
JavaScript and CSS. Video game software can be updated to
improve online

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OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson you should be able to;

Explain the following ICT Terminologies

Define the information processing cycle

Explain how data is processed into a meaningful information

State at least three devices used in each stage of the IPC

Identify at least four career opportunities in ICT education

Information simply refers to processed

E-learning is a type of learning conducted digitally via electronic media,

It can be accessed via most electronic devices including a

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is the use of computing

It includes computing technologies like servers, laptop computers and

Data in its raw form is not useful to any organization. Data

It is usually performed in a step-by-step process by a team of

Input Processing Output

• Our brain makes “memories” of the information, and we

• Computers use “peripherals” to do this

managers) configure, maintain, and ensure the

• These creative professionals design visually stunning

• Primary duties: A computer programmer is someone who writes

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