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Loop Statements

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Ruqaiya Islam Mishi
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32 views11 pages

Loop Statements

Uploaded by

Ruqaiya Islam Mishi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Loop Statements

Fardin Saad
Lecturer,
Department of Computer Science
and Technology (CSE)
Loop Statements

 In any programming language including C, loops are used to execute a set of statements repeatedly until a
particular condition is satisfied.
 It mainly consists of 3 components:
 Variable Initialization
 Condition
 Variable increment/decrement
 Working procedure of a loop:
Types of Loops

 Depending upon the position of a condition in a program, looping in C is classified into two types:
 Entry Controlled Loop: A condition is checked before executing the body of a loop. It is also called as a pre-
checking loop.
 Exit Controlled Loop: A condition is checked after executing the body of a loop. It is also called as a post-checking
loop.
 Generally there are 3 types of loops in C:
 while loop: Entry controlled
 for loop: Entry controlled
 do while loop: Exit controlled
while loop
 while loop can be addressed as an entry control loop. It is completed in 3 steps

variable initialization #Program for printing first 10 numbers


while(condition) #include<stdio.h>
{
statements int main()
variable increment/decrement {
} int x;
x = 1;
while(x <= 10)
{
printf("%d ", x);
x++;
}
}
For loop
 for loop can also be addressed as an entry control loop.
 In for loop we have exactly two semicolons, one after initialization and second after the condition.
 In this loop we can have more than one initialization or increment/decrement, separated using
comma operator. But it can have only one condition.
 However multiple conditions can be imposed using logical operators

for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement)


{
statements
…
…
}
For loop examples (Nested)

#Program for printing first 10 numbers #Nested for loop


#include<stdio.h> #Program for printing first 10 numbers 5 times
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{ int main()
int i; {
for(i = 1; i <= 10; i++) int i, j;
{ for(j = 1; j <= 5; j++)
printf("%d ", i); {
} for(i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
} {
printf("%d ", i);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}
do while loop
 In some situations it is necessary to execute body of the loop before testing the condition.
 Such situations can be handled with the help of do-while loop which is an exit controlled loop.
 do statement evaluates the body of the loop first and at the end, the condition is checked using while statement.
 It means that the body of the loop will be executed at least once, even if the starting condition inside while is not
satisfied.

variable initialization
do
{
statements
variable increment/decrement
}
while(condition)
do while loop example

#Program for printing first 10 numbers


#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
int x;
x = 1;
do
{
printf("%d ", x);
x++;
}
while(x <= 10)

}
Jumping Out of Loops
 Sometimes, while executing a loop, it becomes necessary to skip a part of the loop or to leave the loop as soon
as a certain condition becomes true. This is known as jumping out of loop.
 Break statement: When break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is immediately exited and the
program continues with the statement immediately following the loop.
Jumping Out of Loops
 Continue statement: It causes the control to go directly to the test-condition and then continue the loop process.
 On encountering continue, cursor leave the current cycle of loop, and starts with the next cycle.
 For the for loop, continue statement causes the conditional test and increment portions of the loop to execute.
 For the while and do...while loops, continue statement causes the program control to pass to the conditional tests .
THANK YOU

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