Research in Daily Life 2
Research Title
GUIDELINES IN MAKING A
Use an accurateRESEARCH TITLE
description of the subject and scope of the study instead
of using general terms.
Do not use abbreviations except for commonly known ones like DNA
and ICT.
Do not include words like “The study of,” “Analysis of,” “An
investigation of” or similar construction as these would only lengthen
the title.
Include the main dependent and independent variables.
GUIDELINES IN MAKING A
RESEARCH TITLE
Be mindful of the proper use of grammar and punctuation.
Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs as
well as the first letter of the first and last words.
State in a declarative form, although you may also see titles in
question form from time to time.
The year the study has been conducted should not be
indicated unless it is a historical study.
GUIDELINES IN MAKING A
RESEARCH TITLE
Use current terminology.
Depending on the institutional requirements, 5 to15 words are
sufficient to describe the research study.
Use the common name instead of chemical formula (e.g., Ammonium
instead of NH4)
Write and italicize full scientific names.
Make sure to reflect the tone of the paper. An academic research paper
has title which is not casual, or informal, or does not contain humor.
STEPS IN WRITING A RESEARCH
1 TITLE
Determine what it is that you wish to accomplish or know from
your study. Write one to two sentences to state the main
objectives of your research project.
2
Include important keywords and variables. Revise the sentences
into one complete sentence that includes important keywords and
variables of the study.
STEPS IN WRITING A RESEARCH
3 TITLE
Shorten the title by eliminating unnecessary words. You may also
shrink a phrase into a simpler phrase or a single word. In doing this,
make sure that the main thought of the research study is retained
4
Correct grammar and punctuation errors if there is any.
STEPS IN WRITING A RESEARCH
5 TITLE
Observe proper formatting. The format may vary according to the
requirements of the course or school. Please seek guidance from
your professor
Research
QUESTIONS
DEFINITION: RESEARCH QUESTION
Layder (2013) says that social research is literally a search for
the best explanation of the problem around which evidence or data is
focused.
It is good to emphasize at this point that social research
problems are not the same thing as “topics” or “areas of interests”.
They are not the equivalent of so – called social problems like poverty,
unemployment, social inequality, and so on.
Research problems address issues about social organization,
social processes and social behavior.
TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTION
There are two types of research questions:
1. PROBLEM QUESTIONS these are general and explanatory
and have a crucial influence on the form and content of the
topic questions.
2. TOPIC QUESTIONS are specific and descriptive.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following are good characteristics of research questions, as
described by Fraenkel and Wallen (2020).
Clear. The clarity of how the questions are stated lead to agreement of
meaning of the readers of your study. Since your research questions are
also considered as the main focus in the gathering and analyzing the
data, it is therefore very important that these are stated clearly.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Feasible. Consider the amount of time, energy, money, respondents,
and even your current situation as a student-researcher. Is the research
problem possible? Will it not spend unreasonable amount? Consider
these examples: “How do parents feel about the blended learning
modality for elementary learners?” and “How would giving each
learner their own laptop to be used in this blended learning modality
affect their performance tasks?” The first example is definitely a
more feasible research question. Considering the resources, it is more
possible to gather the data needed to answer the question.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Significant. Ask if your research questions are relevant or important to
ask. Will answering these questions provide an additional contribution
to address the given research problem? In other words, are the research
questions really worth investigating? At this point, you do not just
consider the time and money that you will spend, but more importantly,
the value of what you are trying to investigate. So aside from the reason
that your chosen research problem is within your interest, you should
also provide a sound justification of your choice as a researcher.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Ethical. Always consider the welfare of people, animals or whosoever
are involved in your study. Look into ways of answering the research
questions without inflicting physical and psychological harm to
persons involved.
FORMULATING A RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
This study aims to determine the relationship between the types of
learning delivery mode and students’ learning styles. Furthermore, it
seeks to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the
different learning delivery modes of the school? (2) What are the
various learning styles of the students? (3) Is there a significant
relationship between the different learning delivery modes of the school
and the learning styles of its students?
FORMULATING A RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Research Questions for Descriptive Research focus on
observing, describing, and reporting factors or aspects of the research
problem. Phrases such as how often/frequently, how many/much, what
is/are, to what extent/degree, and the likes are used in these questions. For
example, you study the use of social media among Senior High School
Students, you can ask the following questions:
o What are the various social media platforms used by Senior High
Students?
o How many hours students spend on social media per day?
FORMULATING A RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Research Questions for Correlational Research aim to determine
the relationships among two or more variables in your research problem.
Correlational research questions usually begin with the phrases “Is there a
significant relationship...” or “What is the relationship between/among...”. In
the study of use of social media and level of digital literacy of students
following questions can be asked:
o What is the relationship between the length of hours spent on social
media and level of digital literacy of students?
o Is there a significant relationship between the type of social media
used and the level digital literacy of students?
FORMULATING A RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Research Questions for Experimental Research suggest that
answers to these questions are brought about by manipulation or control of
a certain variable during the conduct of the study. These questions provide
explanation to the causal relationship of variables. The following research
questions can be asked on studies on elementary student’s remedial
sessions and academic performance of students:
o Is there a significant difference in the posttest scores of the control
group and experimental group?
Research
objectives
WHAT IS RESEARCH OBJECTIVE?
A research objective is a statement in our research designed to
understand and gain knowledge about the identified topic of
interest in your research. This should reflect the sources from
which your interest and topic are derived.
Objectives answer the questions:
a. Why do we want to carry out the research?
b. What do we hope to achieve?
c. What do we want to know or investigate?
TYPES OF OBJECTIVES
A general objective states what the research expects to attain in
general terms. This usually includes broad statement of the goal
of the study.
A specific objective states specific goals that are narrowed
down to become more achievable. These are particular
statement of goals that logically connect to one another. Clear-
cut methods should also be presented on how to attain the
specific objectives.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES SHOULD
Specific BE…
and concise
Measurable Observable and visible
Attainable In consideration of both human
and material resources, should be
easily attained, be area and
population-specific.
Realistic Accomplishment should be at
hand and result oriented
Time-bound Attainable and done in a specific
targeted time
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
In addition to these, specific objectives should be
interrelated and have a strong connection to the
general objective
By having SMART research objectives:
a. The study becomes focused.
b. The purpose is made clear.
c. The study becomes more organized, and limits are
set; and
d. Programs of the study and data needed more
monitored and clearly determined.
