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BCD Adder

The document discusses arithmetic circuits including half adders, full adders, parallel adders, and binary coded decimal (BCD) adders. It explains how half adders can be combined to form a full adder. A parallel adder allows for addition of multiple binary digits simultaneously using a separate full adder for each digit position. A BCD adder performs decimal addition and can add a correction value when the sum is greater than 9. BCD adders can be cascaded to add multi-digit decimal numbers.

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471 views23 pages

BCD Adder

The document discusses arithmetic circuits including half adders, full adders, parallel adders, and binary coded decimal (BCD) adders. It explains how half adders can be combined to form a full adder. A parallel adder allows for addition of multiple binary digits simultaneously using a separate full adder for each digit position. A BCD adder performs decimal addition and can add a correction value when the sum is greater than 9. BCD adders can be cascaded to add multi-digit decimal numbers.

Uploaded by

sruharitha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arithmetic Circuits

Half Adder
A
0 0 1 1

B
0 1 0 1

Sum
0 1 1 0

Carry
0 0 0 1

Sum AB AB A B Carry AB

Half Adder

Full Adder
A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Cin 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Sum 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 Cout 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

Full Adder

Implementing a Full adder using two half adders

Parallel Binary Adder

Parallel Binary adder

Two Numbers X & Y


Each number is represented using 6 bits. [X]=XoX1X2X3X4X5 [Y]=YoY1Y2Y3Y4Y5

Complete Parallel Adder With Registers


D Flip-flops are used to save a single bit A number of D flip-flops are connected in a way to form the binary number, where each bit of that number is saved in a single D flip-flop.

Example: Sequence of operations in Adding 1001 and 0101


1) [A] = 0000. A CLEAR pulse is applied to CLR of each FF on register A at t1. 2) [M] [B]. The first binary number 1001 is transferred from memory to B register on the PGT of the LOAD pulse at t2. 3) [S] [A]. With [B] = 1001 and [A] = 0000, the full adders produce a sum of 1001 which is transferred to A register on the PGT of the TRANSFER pulse at t3. This makes [A] = 1001. 4) [M] [B]. The second binary number 0101 is transferred from memory to B register on the PGT of the second LOAD pulse at t4. This makes [B] = 0101. 5) [S] [A]. With [B] = 0101 and [A] = 1001, the full adders produce a sum of 1110 which is transferred to A register on the PGT of the second TRANSFER pulse at t5. This makes [A] = 1110.

Integrated Circuit Parallel Adder ( IC Parallel Adder )

4- Bits adder

8 Bit IC Parallel Adder

BCD Adder

BCD Adder
When the sum of two digits is less than or equal to 9 then the ordinary 4-bit adder can be used But if the sum of two digits is greater than 9 then a correction must be added I.e adding 0110 We need to design a circuit that is capable of doing the correct addition

BCD Adder
The cases where the sum of two 4-bit numbers is greater than 9 are in the following table:
S4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 S3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 S2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 S1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 S0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

BCD Adder
Whenever S4=1 (sums greater than 15) Whenever S3=1 and either S2 or S1 or both are 1 (sums 10 to 15) The previous table can be expressed as: X = S4 + S3 ( S2 + S1) So, whenever X = 1 we should add a correction of 0110 to the sum.

Inputs:[A]=0101, [B]= 0011, Co=0

0011

0101
0 0 0 0 1000 1 1 0 0 0 0000 1 0 0 0

Inputs:[A]=0111, [B]= 0110, Co=0

0110

0111
0 1 1 1 1101 1 0 0 1 1 0110 1 1 0 1

Cascading BCD Adders


The previous circuit is used for adding two decimal digits only. That is, 7 + 6 = 13. For adding numbers with several digits, a separate BCD adder for each digit position must be used. For example: BCD Adder BCD Adder 2 4 7 5 3 8 + -------------------?
BCD Adder

Cascading BCD Adders

Example
Determine the inputs and the outputs when the above circuit is used to add 538 to 247. Assume a CARRY IN = 0 Solution:
Represent the decimal numbers in BCD
247 = 0010 0100 0111 538 = 0101 0011 1000 Put these numbers in registers [A] and [B] [A] = 0010 0100 0111 [B] = 0101 0011 1000

Example
0 0 1 0 0 0111 0 1000 0 1 0 0 1 0 0101 0 1 1 1

0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

1 0 0 0

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