1.
2 The power stations are classified into
following types
1. Thermal or steam power station
2. Hydro electric power station
3. Gas turbine power station
4. Diesel electric stations
5. Nuclear power stations
Thermal or steam power station
In a steam power station, heat of combustion
of fuel is utilized for the production of steam
at extremely high pressure and temperature.
This steam turbine which is coupled with an
generator receive an electrical output.
Steam power station view
Parts of a steam power station
1)Boiler
It is used for producing steam under pressure . Water tube
boilers are generally used for this purpose.
2)Super heater
Steam is superheated in it before passing from the boilers.
3)economiser
An economizer is essentially a feed water heater which
heats the water before supplying to the boiler.
4) TURBINE
The function of the turbine is to convert the heat energy of steam into
mechanical energy of the shaft. Turbine works as a prime mover generator.
5) Condenser
in the condenser, low pressure steam is condensed into water.
6) Evaporator
make up water in the raw form is passed through evaporator which heats it to
steam and is then condensed back to water, which then enters the feed water
system.
7) Alternator
the function of alternator is to convert mechanical energy into electrical.
Advantages and disadvantages
• Advantages:
• Less initial cost as • Disadvantages:
compared to other • It pollutes the atmosphere
generating stations. due to the production of
• It requires less land as large amount of smoke.
compared to hydro power This is one of the causes of
plant. global warming.
• The fuel (i.e. coal) is • The overall efficiency of a
cheaper. thermal power station is
• The cost of generation is low (less than 30%).
lesser than that of diesel
power plants.
Selection of site
1. The steam power station should be installed
at a site preferably near the primises of a
large number of consumers or load centre.
2. Adequate cooling water must be available at
the site.
3. The transport cost of the fuel must be
available at the site.
4. Efficient and cheap arrangement for disposal
off the ash.
Hydro electric power station
• Hydro power is electrical energy produced through the power of
moving water. Power obtained from the movement of water
• Hydropower plants derive energy from the force of moving
water and harness this energy for useful purposes.
• In modern technology, hydropower moves turbines that pass on
their energy to a generator which then produces electric power.
• Hydropower is a type of renewable energy, and once the power
plant is constructed it produces little to no waste.
• Globally, hydropower contributes more electricity than any
other renewable energy type.
..
Hydroelectric plant
Constituents of hydroelectric plant
1) Storage reservoir
it is used to store water during the rainy season.
2) dam
a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise
its level, forming a reservoir used to generate
electricity or as a water supply.
3)Spillways
these are constructed to act as safety valves for a
dam.
4) Pen stock
These are open or closed conduits which carry water from the
intake work to the turbines.
5) Water turbines
The purpose of these is to convert kinetic into mechanical energy
6) Powerhouse
It is generally located at the foot of the dam and near the storage reservoir
a) a sub structure to support the electric equipment.
b) a super structure to house and protect this equipment.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
1.The `running cost is less. 1.It requires a high capital
2.It is very neat and clean. cost .
3.It has longer life. 2.It depends on rain or
catchment area .
4.It is a quick starting plant.
3.It requires high cost of
5.It helps in irrigation
transmission line.
purpose and also controls
floods.
Choice of site
1. Sufficient quantity of water at a certain height.
2. Transportation facilities.
3. Possibility of stream diversion during construction
period.
4. Possibility of constructing a dam to store the water
at least possible cost.
5. The land should be cheap in cost and rocky.
Non conventional sources of energy
• non-conventional energy sources consist of
those energy sources that are infinite, natural,
and restorable.
• For example, tidal energy, solar energy, and
wind energy are nonconventional sources of
energy.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. Available free of cost 1. Available in dilute form in nature
2. Cause no or very little pollution 2. Cost of harnessing energy is very high
3. Environment-friendly 3. Availability is uncertain
4. Inexhaustible 4. Difficulty in transporting such resources
5.Have low gestation period
6. Do not deplete natural resources
7. Can sustain energy supply for
many generations.
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
WHAT IS NUCLEAR
ENERGY ?
Energy that holds neutrons
and protons.
Two ways of obtaining energy are : 1)
Nuclear Fission
2) Nuclear Fussion
NUCLEAR FISSION
Heavy nuclei split into two
smaller parts in order to become
more stable.
NUCLEAR FUSION
Light nuclei fuse together to form a
heavy nucleus.
HOW DOES A NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT WORKS?
A nuclear power plant works in a similar way as a thermal
power plant. The difference between the two is in the fuel
use to heat the water in the boiler(Steam generator).
Inside a nuclear power station, energy is released by
nuclear fission in the core of the reactor.
1kg of Uranium-235 can produce as much energy as the
burning of 4500 tons of high grade variety of
Coal or 2000 tons of oil.
NUCLEAR REACTOR
A device in which nuclear chain reactions are
initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate.
Principle parts :
1) Core
2) Moderator
3) Control Rods
4) Coolants
5) Fuels
6) Radiation Sheets
INDIA’S NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear power is the fourth largest source of
Electricity in India.
As of 2013, India has 7 Nuclear Power Plant with
21 Nuclear Reactor, having an installed capacity
of 5780 MW.
Plant Location State Capacity
Narora Atomic Power Station Narora Uttar Pradesh 440 MW
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Rawatbhata Rajasthan 1180 MW
Tarapur Atomic Power Station Tarapur Maharashtra 1400 MW
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station Kakrapar Gujarat 440 MW
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant Kudankulam Tamilnadu - MW
Madras Atomic Power Station Kalpakkam Tamilnadu - MW
Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant Kaiga Karnataka 660 MW
Madras Atomic Power Station Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu 440 MW
ADVANTAGES
1)Low greenhouse gas emission.
2) Powerful and Efficient
3) Reliable
4) Cheap Electricity
5) Low Fuel Cost
6) Easy Transportation
DISADVANTAGES
1) Radioactive Waste
2) Nuclear Accidents
3) High Cost
4) Major Impact on Human Life
