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12 views21 pages

Topics 5

Uploaded by

Gabrielle Candado
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Group 3

PRESSURE
CONTROL
SYSTEMS

ME160P-2
Pressure Control
Systems

In Pressure Control systems there are 2 common types of


control methods being on and off as well as continuous.

CONTINUE
Ingoude Company

On and Off

• An on/off control system, also known as two-position control,


is the simplest way to manage a system. It works like a light
switch: either full power (on, 100%) or no power (off, 0%) is
sent to a device based on the input it receives. Imagine a room
heater controlled by an on/off system. When the room gets too
cold, the heater turns on completely. Once it gets warm enough,
the heater shuts off entirely.
Ingoude Company

Example
on and off
In the example shown, an on/off pressure control system controls the solenoid
operated outlet valve. When the pressure exceeds the upper limit (150 kPa), the
valve will fully open. This allows fluid through the valve and decreases the fluid
pressure in the pipe When the pressure goes below the lower limit (130 kPa), the
valve will close. This will prevent any fluid from going hrough the valve as fluid
pressure in the pipe increases

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On and Off
Advantages and Disadvantages
Continuous
Control

• Unlike on/off control's binary choices, continuous control offers a


smooth spectrum of possibilities. Imagine a dimmer switch
instead of a light switch. With continuous control, the output can
be anywhere between completely on (100%) and completely off
(0%). This allows for much more precise adjustments. However,
continuous control requires some extra setup. The system needs
"tuning parameters" to be defined, which act like instructions for
the controller on how to adjust the output based on the input it
receives.
Example
Continuous
An example of a continuous control application is shown. The solenoid operated
valve operates in any position between fully open and fully closed. The controller
reacts to the difference between the actual pressure and the set point (140 kPa) by
sending a control signal that adjusts the current position of the valve.
Continuous
Advantages and Disadvantages
On/Off Pressure control system
diagram
The block diagram shown illustrates the signal flow of an
on/off pressure control system. The controller receives the PV
signal produced from the pressure sensor and outputs a control
signal that either fully opens or fully closes the control valve.

Controller Process
Controller Pressure
Valve Sensor
Ingoude Company

Valve Position
Oscillation
An on/off control system hat compares the desired pressure with
actual pressure can reach a state where the alve position rapidly
transitions between fully open and fully closed The figure shown
displays the rapid switching of a valve's position as the actual
pressure goes above and below the desired pressure. This rapid
switching can cause damage to a control valve.
DEAD BAND
To prevent he rapid switching
between on and off control valve
states, the controller compares the
actual pressure with an upper limit
value and a lower limit value as
illustrated in the figure. The difference
between the upper and lower limit is
called the dead band.
The dead band interval must be wide
enough to prevent rapid control valve
switching but still control the process
variable within acceptable limits.
The control valve fully open and fully
closed states are shown in the table.
Operation
Connections
Configuration
Configuration
Configuration
Configuration
Configuration
Configuration
Configuration
THE END.

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