Introduction to

Java
Programming
Dennis Ritchie Guido Van Bjarne
C Language Rossum Stroustroup
Python C++
Statically Typed Vs. Dynamically Typed
Programming Languages
 Major Differences
S TAT I C A L LY T Y P E D D Y N A M I C A L LY T Y P E D
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

• Type Checking is done at compile time. • Type Checking is done at runtime.

• Need to mention the data type explicitly while • Data type of the variable will be decided
declaring a variable. (inferred) based on the value that is being stored
in it.
• Example: int a = 10.
• Example: a = 10.
• The variable can only hold the values that belong
to the associated type. • As there is no association with type, variable can
hold any type of value.
• As type checking and type error detection are done
at compile time, no further type checking is needed • As type checking and type error detection is done
during runtime. Thus, the program becomes more at runtime, a dynamically typed program is less
optimized, resulting in faster execution. optimized, results in slower execution.
• Examples: C, C++, Java, Go, Rust, Swift, etc. • Examples: Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, etc.
 Java Programming
Language
• Java is a General Purpose, Multi-Paradigm
Programming Language that is developed by
James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick
Naughton at Sun Microsystems during early
1990s.
• It is a programming language intended to let
programmers write once, run anywhere
(WORA), meaning that compiled Java code
can run on all platforms that support Java
without the need to recompile.
• The first ever version of Java is released in the
year 1995 making it a 28 years old language to
date.
James Gosling, 1955, Designer of Java Source - Wikipedia
 A Brief History of
• James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton
initiated the Java language project in June 1991. The
small team of sun engineers called Green Team.

• Initially it was designed for small, embedded systems in

electronic appliances like set-top boxes.

• Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" by James Gosling, and

the file extension was .gt.

• After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part

of the Green project.

• In 1995, Oak was renamed as "Java" because it was

already a trademark by Oak Technologies.

• Java is an island in Indonesia where the first coffee was

produced (called Java coffee). It is a kind of espresso
bean. Java name was chosen by James Gosling while
 Java Legacy
Let’s have a look at some popular applications built using
Java Programming Language*

But WAIT, before that try to guess the

answers to the following questions.
Question 1

• Which one is the most widely used

Mobile Operating System currently?
Question 2

• The BEST-SELLING
MULTI-PLATFORM VIDEO GAME IN
THE HISTORY?
Question 3

• OTT Platform with the highest number

of subscribers in the WORLD?
Question 4

• The Most popular MUSIC APP in-

terms of downloads and usage in the
WORLD?
Question 5

• The Most widely used free online

Encyclopedia?
Question 6

• The Most widely used Integrated

Development Environment (IDE)?
Question 7
Disclaimer: This is a question that
seeks relative answers
• The Topmost Space Research
Organization in the World?
 Java Legacy
Few Popular Applications that are built using Java as
one of the programming languages
1. Android OS 7. Minecraft
2. Netflix 8. IDEs like NetBeans, Eclipse
3. Twitter, Face Book and IntelliJ IDEA
4. Spotify 9. Financial applications for
5. Opera Browser companies like Citibank

6. Uber 10. LinkedIn, AWS

 Java Legacy
Top 10 greatest java apps even written
Based on an article by Oracle

1. Maestro Mars Rover controller 6. Minecraft

2. NASA WorldWind 7. NetBeans and the Eclipse IDE
3. Wikipedia Search 8. IntelliJ IDEA
4. Hadoop 9. Jenkins
5. Parallel Graph AnalytiX (PGX) 10. BioJava
1. Maestro Mars Rover
controller
• In 2004, Java became the first programming language to expand humanity’s
planetary reach. For three months that year, NASA scientists at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, used the Java-based Maestro Science
Activity Planner built by JPL’s robot interface lab to control the Spirit Mars
Exploration Rover as it explored the red planet. Experimentation with Java had
begun many years earlier at JPL via the creation of a command-and-control
system for the 1995 Mars Sojourner. Java founder James Gosling spent so much
time at JPL that he became an advisory board member.
2. NASA’s WorldWind
• The work of rocket scientists became free for all to use with NASA’s release of
the open source WorldWind, an SDK for a virtual globe that lets programmers add
the US space agency’s geographic rendering engine to their own Java, web, or
Android apps. Going far beyond Google Earth, WorldWind’s geospatial data is
generated by NASA engineers who visualize terrain from elevation models and
other data sources. According to the website: “Organizations around the world use
WorldWind to monitor weather patterns, visualize cities and terrain, track vehicle
movement, analyze geospatial data, and educate humanity about the Earth.”
3. Wikipedia Search, Lucene and
ElasticSearch Engines
• It’s fitting that an encyclopedia for the people, by the people should run on open-
source software—and feature a search engine powered by Java. Lucene, written by
Doug Cutting in 1999 and named after his wife’s middle name, was actually the
fifth search engine Cutting developed. He created the others as an engineer for
Xerox PARC, Apple, and Excite. In 2014, Wikipedia replaced the Lucene engine
with Elasticsearch, a distributed, REST-enabled search engine also written in Java.
4. Hadoop for Big Data Analysis
• Lucene isn’t the only Cutting creation to make our list. Inspired by a Google research paper
describing the MapReduce algorithm for processing data on large clusters of commodity
computers, in 2003 Cutting wrote an open-source framework for MapReduce operations in
Java and named it Hadoop, after his son’s toy elephant. Hadoop 1.0 was released in 2006,
spawning the big data trend and inspiring many companies to collect “data lakes,”
strategize on mining their “data exhaust,” and describe data as “the new oil.” By 2008,
Yahoo (where Cutting worked at the time) claimed their Search Webmap, running on a
Linux cluster of 10,000 cores, was the largest production Hadoop application in existence.
By 2012, Facebook claimed to have more than 100 petabytes of data on the world’s largest
Hadoop cluster.
5. Hadoop for Big Data Analysis
• Graph analysis is about understanding relationships and connections in data. PGX
is one of the world’s fastest graph analytics engines, according to benchmarks.
Written in Java and first publicized in 2014 by a team led by Oracle Labs
researcher Sungpack Hong, PGX lets users load up graph data and run analytics
algorithms such as community detection, clustering, path finding, page ranking,
influencer analysis, anomaly detection, path analysis, and pattern matching on
them. Use cases abound in health, security, retail, and finance.
6. Minecraft
• The peaceful environment of this game—comprising biomes, people, and abodes
that you build yourself out of blocks—holds an enduring fascination for children
and adults everywhere, making it the most popular video game in history.
Developed in Java by Markus “Notch” Persson and released in alpha in 2009,
Minecraft and its 3D universe are a never-ending source of creativity, because no
two spawned worlds are alike. The video game’s use of Java also lets
programmers at home and school create their own mods.
7. NetBeans and Eclipse IDEs
• The integrated development environment that first entranced the Java world was NetBeans, started
at Charles University in Prague in 1996 (under the name Xelfi) and commercialized in 1997 by a
company of the same name founded by entrepreneur Roman Staněk. Sun bought the modular IDE,
which supports all Java application types, in 1999 and open sourced it the following year. In 2016,
Oracle donated the entire NetBeans project to the Apache Software Foundation.
• Another popular Java-based integrated development environment is the open source Eclipse IDE,
which can be used not only for Java coding but also for other programmling languages ranging
from Ada to Scala. Launched in 2001 by IBM and based on IBM VisualAge, the Eclipse SDK is
meant for Java developers but can be extended via plugins. The Eclipse IDE was spun out of IBM
into the Eclipse Foundation in 2004, and it remains one of the top IDEs available.
8. Intellij IDEA from JetBrains
• The integrated development environment that first entranced the Java world was
NetBeans, started at Charles University in Prague in 1996 (under the name Xelfi)
and commercialized in 1997 by a company of the same name founded by
entrepreneur Roman Staněk. Sun bought the modular IDE, which supports all Java
application types, in 1999 and open sourced it the following year. In 2016, Oracle
donated the entire NetBeans project to the Apache Software Foundation.
9. Jenkins
• Created in 2004 by Sun Microsystems engineer Kohsuke Kawaguchi, Jenkins is a
powerful open-source continuous integration server. Written in Java, Jenkins helps
build, test, and deploy applications quickly and automatically. It’s often
recognized as one of the early DevOps tools that made “infrastructure as code”
possible. Jenkins and its more than 1500 community-contributed plugins tackle
myriad deployment and testing tasks, from working with GitHub, to supporting
color-blind developers, to providing a MySQL Connector JAR file.
10. BioJava
• Launched in 2000 and still going strong, BioJava is an open-source library for processing
biological data, a field known as bioinformatics. Scientists using this library can work with
protein and nucleotide sequences and study data on gene-to-protein translation, genomics,
phylogenetic development, and macromolecular structures. The project is supported by the Open
Bioinformatics Foundation, and its contributors worldwide are funded by a variety of
pharmaceutical, medical, and genomics interests. “BioJava is a popular option for method and
software development thanks to the tooling available for Java and its cross-platform portability,”
writes Aleix Lafita and colleagues in a 2019 paper titled “BioJava 5: A community-driven open-
source bioinformatics library.” The paper goes on to note that BioJava had accepted contributions
from 65 different developers since 2009, and over the previous year had accumulated 224 forks
and 270 stars on GitHub and had been downloaded more than 19,000 times.
 Features of Java
1. Platform Independent 7. Architecture–Neutral
2. Object-Oriented 8. Dynamic
3. Simple 9. High Performance
4. Robust 10. Compiled and Interpreted
5. Secure 11. Multi-Threaded
6. Distributed 12. WORA
Behold
the
main
method
 Training-wise Challenges
• Continuity
• Practice
• Extra long sessions