Chapter 1 - Introduction To Networking-VE

Introduction to Networking
CT043-3-1 & Version VE1
Introduction to Networking
Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 1

Networking Today
.
Topic and Structure of the Lesson

Topic Title Topic Objective
Networks Affect our Lives Explain how networks affect our daily lives.
Network Components Explain how host and network devices are used.
Network Representations and Topologies Explain network representations and how they are used in network topologies.
Common Types of Networks Compare the characteristics of common types of networks.
Internet Connections Explain how LANs and WANs interconnect to the internet.
Reliable Networks Describe the four basic requirements of a reliable network.
Network Trends Explain how trends such as BYOD, online collaboration, video, and cloud computing
are changing the way we interact.
Network Security Identify some basic security threats and solution for all networks.
The IT Professional Explain employment opportunities in the networking field.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
Contents & Structure

Networks Affect Our Lives
Networking Today
Networks Connect Us
Communication is almost as important to us as our reliance on air, water, food, and

shelter. In today’s world, through the use of networks, we are connected like never
before.
Networking Today
No Boundaries
• World without boundaries
• Global communities
• Human network
Network Components
Network Components
Host Roles
Every computer on a network is
called a host or end device.
Servers are computers that
provide information to end devices:
• email servers
• web servers Server Description
Type
• file server
Email Email server runs email server software.
Clients are computers that send Clients use client software to access email.
requests to the servers to retrieve
Web Web server runs web server software.
information: Clients use browser software to access web pages.
• web page from a web server
• email from an email server File File server stores corporate and user files.
The client devices access these files.
Network Components
Peer-to-Peer
It is possible to have a device be a client and a server in a Peer-to-Peer Network. This type of
network design is only recommended for very small networks.
Advantages Disadvantages
Easy to set up No centralized administration
Less complex Not as secure
Lower cost Not scalable
Used for simple tasks: transferring files and sharing Slower performance
printers
Network Components
End Devices
An end device is where a message originates from or where it is received. Data originates with an
end device, flows through the network, and arrives at an end device.
Network Components
Intermediary Network Devices
An intermediary device interconnects end devices. Examples include switches,
wireless access points, routers, and firewalls.
Management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of an intermediary

device, including:
• Regenerate and retransmit data signals.
• Maintain information about what pathways exist in the network.
• Notify other devices of errors and communication failures.
Network Components
Network Media
Communication across a network is carried through a medium which allows a message to
travel from source to destination.
Media Types Description
Metal wires within cables Uses electrical impulses
Glass or plastic fibers Uses pulses of light.

within cables (fiber-optic
cable)
Wireless transmission Uses modulation of

specific frequencies of
electromagnetic waves.
Network Representations and
Topologies
Network Representations and Topologies
Network Representations
Network diagrams, often called

topology diagrams, use symbols to
represent devices within the network.
Important terms to know include:
• Network Interface Card (NIC)
• Physical Port
• Interface
Note: Often, the terms port and

interface are used interchangeably
Network Representations and Topologies
Topology Diagrams
Physical topology diagrams illustrate the Logical topology diagrams illustrate devices,
physical location of intermediary devices ports, and the addressing scheme of the
and cable installation. network.
Common Types of Networks
Networks of Many Sizes
• Small Home Networks – connect a few
computers to each other and the Internet
• Small Office/Home Office – enables
computer within a home or remote office
to connect to a corporate network
Small Home SOHO • Medium to Large Networks – many
locations with hundreds or thousands of
interconnected computers
• World Wide Networks – connects
hundreds of millions of computers world-
wide – such as the internet
Medium/Large World Wide

LANs and WANs
Network infrastructures vary greatly in
terms of:
• Size of the area covered
• Number of users connected
• Number and types of services
available
• Area of responsibility
Two most common types of networks:

• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN).
LANs and WANs (cont.)
A LAN is a network infrastructure that spans A WAN is a network infrastructure that spans
a small geographical area. a wide geographical area.
LAN WAN
Interconnect end devices in a limited area. Interconnect LANs over wide geographical areas.
Administered by a single organization or Typically administered by one or more service
individual. providers.
Provide high-speed bandwidth to internal Typically provide slower speed links between LANs.
devices.
The Internet
The internet is a worldwide collection of
interconnected LANs and WANs.
• LANs are connected to each other using
WANs.
• WANs may use copper wires, fiber optic
cables, and wireless transmissions.
The internet is not owned by any individual or

group. The following groups were developed to
help maintain structure on the internet:
• IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
• ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers )
• IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
Intranets and Extranets
An intranet is a private collection of LANs

and WANs internal to an organization
that is meant to be accessible only to the
organizations members or others with
authorization.
An organization might use an extranet to
provide secure access to their network
for individuals who work for a different
organization that need access to their
data on their network.
Internet Connections
Internet Access Technologies There are many ways to connect
users and organizations to the internet:
• Popular services for home users
and small offices include
broadband cable, broadband
digital subscriber line (DSL),
wireless WANs, and mobile
services.
• Organizations need faster
connections to support IP phones,
video conferencing and data center
storage.
• Business-class interconnections
are usually provided by service
providers (SP) and may include:
business DSL, leased lines, and
Metro Ethernet.
Home and Small Office Internet Connections
Connectio Description
n
Cable high bandwidth, always on, internet
offered by cable television service
providers.
DSL high bandwidth, always on, internet

connection that runs over a
telephone line.
Cellular uses a cell phone network to
connect to the internet.
Satellite major benefit to rural areas without

Internet Service Providers.
Dial-up an inexpensive, low bandwidth
telephone option using a modem.
Businesses Internet Connections
Corporate business connections may Type of Description
Connectio
require:
n
• higher bandwidth Dedicated These are reserved circuits within
• dedicated connections Leased the service provider’s network that
Line connect distant offices with private
• managed services voice and/or data networking.
Ethernet This extends LAN access

WAN technology into the WAN.
DSL Business DSL is available in various

formats including Symmetric Digital
Subscriber Lines (SDSL).
Satellite This can provide a connection when

a wired solution is not available.
The Converging Network
Before converged networks, an

organization would have been
separately cabled for telephone,
video, and data. Each of these
networks would use different
technologies to carry the signal.
Each of these technologies would use a
different set of rules and standards.
The Converging Network (Cont.)
Converged data networks carry
multiple services on one link
including:
• data
• voice
• video
Converged networks can deliver
data, voice, and video over the same
network infrastructure. The network
infrastructure uses the same set of
rules and standards.
Reliable Networks
Reliable Network
Network Architecture
Network Architecture refers to the
technologies that support the
infrastructure that moves data across the
network.
There are four basic characteristics that
the underlying architectures need to
address to meet user expectations:
• Fault Tolerance
• Scalability
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Security
Reliable Network
Fault Tolerance
A fault tolerant network limits the impact of
a failure by limiting the number of affected
devices. Multiple paths are required for
fault tolerance.
Reliable networks provide redundancy by
implementing a packet switched network:
• Packet switching splits traffic into
packets that are routed over a network.
• Each packet could theoretically take a
different path to the destination.
This is not possible with circuit-switched
networks which establish dedicated
circuits.
Reliable Network
Scalability
A scalable network can

expand quickly and easily to
support new users and
applications without impacting
the performance of services to
existing users.
Network designers follow
accepted standards and
protocols in order to make the
networks scalable.
Reliable Network
Quality of Service
Voice and live video transmissions
require higher expectations for those
services being delivered.
Have you ever watched a live video with

constant breaks and pauses? This is
caused when there is a higher demand
for bandwidth than available – and QoS
isn’t configured.
• Quality of Service (QoS) is the
primary mechanism used to ensure
reliable delivery of content for all
users.
• With a QoS policy in place, the router
can more easily manage the flow of
data and voice traffic.
Reliable Network There are main types of network
Network Security security that must be addressed:
• Network infrastructure security
• Physical security of network
devices
• Preventing unauthorized access
to the devices
• Information Security
• Protection of the information or data
transmitted over the network
Three goals of network security:
• Confidentiality – only intended
recipients can read the data
• Integrity – assurance that the data
has not be altered with during
transmission
• Availability – assurance of timely and
reliable access to data for authorized 34
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
users
Network Trends
Network Trends
Recent Trends
The role of the network must adjust
and continually transform in order to
be able to keep up with new
technologies and end user devices as
they constantly come to the market.
Several new networking trends that

effect organizations and consumers:
• Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
• Online collaboration
• Video communications
• Cloud computing
Network Trends
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
Bring Your Own Device allows users to use their own devices
giving them more opportunities and
greater flexibility.
BYOD allows end users to have the

freedom to use personal tools to
access information and communicate
using their:
• Laptops
• Netbooks
• Tablets
• Smartphones
• E-readers
BYOD means any device, with any
ownership, used anywhere.
Network Trends
Online Collaboration
 Collaborate and work with others
over the network on joint projects.
 Collaboration tools including Cisco
WebEx (shown in the figure) gives
users a way to instantly connect
and interact.
 Collaboration is a very high priority
for businesses and in education.
 Cisco Webex Teams is a
multifunctional collaboration tool.
• send instant messages
• post images
• post videos and links
Network Trends
Video Communication
• Video calls are made to anyone, regardless of where they are located.
• Video conferencing is a powerful tool for communicating with others.
• Video is becoming a critical requirement for effective collaboration.
• Cisco TelePresence powers is one way of working where everyone,

everywhere.
Network Trends
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing allows us to store personal files or backup our data on servers over the
internet.
• Applications can also be accessed using the Cloud.
• Allows businesses to deliver to any device anywhere in the world.
Cloud computing is made possible by data centers.

• Smaller companies that can’t afford their own data centers, lease server and storage services from
larger data center organizations in the Cloud.
Network Trends
Cloud Computing (Cont.)
Four types of Clouds:
• Public Clouds
• Available to the general public through a pay-per-use model or for free.
• Private Clouds
• Intended for a specific organization or entity such as the government.
• Hybrid Clouds
• Made up of two or more Cloud types – for example, part custom and part public.
• Each part remains a distinctive object but both are connected using the same architecture.
• Custom Clouds
• Built to meet the needs of a specific industry, such as healthcare or media.
• Can be private or public.
Network Trends
Technology Trends in the Home
• Smart home technology is a
growing trend that allows
technology to be integrated into
every-day appliances which
allows them to interconnect with
other devices.
• Ovens might know what time to
cook a meal for you by
communicating with your calendar
on what time you are scheduled
to be home.
• Smart home technology is
currently being developed for all
rooms within a house.
Network Trends • Powerline networking can
Powerline Networking allow devices to connect to a
LAN where data network
cables or wireless
communications are not a
viable option.
• Using a standard powerline
adapter, devices can
connect to the LAN wherever
there is an electrical outlet by
sending data on certain
frequencies.
• Powerline networking is
especially useful when
wireless access points
cannot reach all the devices
in the home.
Network Trends
Wireless Broadband
In addition to DSL and cable, wireless is
another option used to connect homes
and small businesses to the internet.
• More commonly found in rural
environments, a Wireless Internet Service
Provider (WISP) is an ISP that connects
subscribers to designated access points
or hotspots.
• Wireless broadband is another solution for
the home and small businesses.
• Uses the same cellular technology used
by a smart phone.
• An antenna is installed outside the house
providing wireless or wired connectivity for
devices in the home.
Network Security
Network Security
Security Threats • Network security is an integral
part of networking regardless of
the size of the network.
• The network security that is
implemented must take into
account the environment while
securing the data, but still
allowing for quality of service
that is expected of the network.
• Securing a network involves
many protocols, technologies,
devices, tools, and techniques
in order to secure data and
mitigate threats.
• Threat vectors might be external
or internal.
Network Security
External Threats:
Security Threats (Cont.)
• Viruses, worms, and Trojan
horses
• Spyware and adware
• Zero-day attacks
• Threat Actor attacks
• Denial of service attacks
• Data interception and theft
• Identity theft
Internal Threats:
• lost or stolen devices
• accidental misuse by employees
• malicious employees
Network Security
Security Solutions
Security must be implemented in multiple
layers using more than one security solution.
Network security components for home or
small office network:
• Antivirus and antispyware software
should be installed on end devices.
• Firewall filtering used to block
unauthorized access to the network.
Network Security
Security Solutions (Cont.)
Larger networks have additional security

requirements:
• Dedicated firewall system
• Access control lists (ACL)
• Intrusion prevention systems (IPS)
• Virtual private networks (VPN)
The study of network security starts with a clear
understanding of the underlying switching and
routing infrastructure.
The IT Professional
The IT Professional
The Cisco Certified Network Associate
CCNA (CCNA) certification:
• demonstrates that you have a knowledge of
foundational technologies
• ensures you stay relevant with skills
needed for the adoption of next-generation
technologies.
The new CCNA focus:
• IP foundation and security topics
• Wireless, virtualization, automation, and
network programmability.
New DevNet certifications at the
associate, specialist and professional
levels, to validate your software
development skills.
Specialist certification validate your skills
in line with your job role and interests.
The IT Professional
Networking Jobs
At www.netacad.com you can click the

Careers menu and then select Employment
opportunities.
• Find employment opportunities by
using the Talent Bridge Matching
Engine.
• Search for jobs with Cisco, Cisco
partners and distributors seeking
Cisco Networking Academy students
and alumni.
Chapter Summary
Summary / Recap of Main Points

Q&A

What To Expect Next Week
In Class
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Introduction to Networking

CT043-3-1 & Version VE1

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 1

Topic and Structure of the Lesson

The IT Professional Explain employment opportunities in the networking field.

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 4

Communication is almost as important to us as our reliance on air, water, food, and

Management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of an intermediary

Media Types Description

Metal wires within cables Uses electrical impulses

Glass or plastic fibers Uses pulses of light.

Wireless transmission Uses modulation of

Network diagrams, often called

Note: Often, the terms port and

Medium/Large World Wide

Two most common types of networks:

The internet is not owned by any individual or

An intranet is a private collection of LANs

DSL high bandwidth, always on, internet

Satellite major benefit to rural areas without

Ethernet This extends LAN access

DSL Business DSL is available in various

Satellite This can provide a connection when

Before converged networks, an

A scalable network can

Have you ever watched a live video with

Several new networking trends that

BYOD allows end users to have the

• Video conferencing is a powerful tool for communicating with others.

• Video is becoming a critical requirement for effective collaboration.

• Cisco TelePresence powers is one way of working where everyone,

Cloud computing is made possible by data centers.

Larger networks have additional security

At www.netacad.com you can click the

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 54

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 55

Module Code & Module Title Slide Title SLIDE 56

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