Scribd
Upload
10 views15 pages

Dna and Rna

Uploaded by

dannielmatias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views15 pages

Dna and Rna

Uploaded by

dannielmatias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

DNA

and

RNA
Structure and function of DNA
Introduction to DNA
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is an essential molecule
found in the nucleus of living organisms' cells. It can be
compared to a book of genetic instructions that
determines how an organism develops and functions.
Composition

Double helix structure:

DNA resembles a twisted ladder with two strands containing groups of four nitrogenous bases:
Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T).

Base pairing:

The bases are paired in the helix, specifically A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
P

SUGAR

Nucleotides
Nucleotides are the basic units of DNA, composed of a phosphate group (P),
a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (A, C, G, or T) that encodes
genetic information.
Basic functions of DNA

Information storage Replication

DNA stores the genetic information that DNA can make exact copies of itself,
determines the characteristics and functions of an which is essential for cell division and
organism. growth.

Transcription and translation Inheritance

DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated DNA is inherited from generation to generation
into proteins, which control cellular activities. and is responsible for passing traits from parents
to offspring.
Structure and function of RNA
Introduction to RNA
RNA or Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an important
biological macromolecule that is present in all
biological cells.
It is principally involved in the synthesis of proteins,
carrying the messenger instructions from DNA,
which itself contains the genetic instructions
required for the development and maintenance of
life
RNA is a ribonucleic acid that helps in the
synthesis of proteins in our body. This nucleic
acid is responsible for the production of new
cells in the human body. It is usually obtained
from the DNA molecule.
Composition

Single helix structure:

RNA resembles a single strand containing groups of four nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Cytosine
(C), Guanine (G), and Uracil (U).

Base pairing:

The bases are paired in the helix, specifically A pairs with U, and C pairs with G.
P

SUGAR

Nucleotides
Nucleotides are the basic units of RNA, composed of a phosphate group (P),
a sugar (ribose), and a nitrogenous base (A, C, G, or U).
Basic functions of RNA

Functions in protein
synthesis transcribing and
translating the genetic
code
TYPES of RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

1. Messenger RNA transcribes the DNA


2. Ribosomal RNA nucleotide bases to RNA
3. Transfer RNA nucleotide bases

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA

binds the mRNA and tRNA to translates the mRNA codons


ensure that codons are translated into the correct amino acids
correctly

You might also like