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    Dhia Ben Messaoud 3M3

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    Dhia Ben Messaoud 3M3

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    ALEX
    9 views15 pages
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    Dhia ben messaoud 3M3

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    Copyright:

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    9 views15 pages

    Dhia Ben Messaoud 3M3

    Uploaded by

    ALEX
    xcxwcxwcxwcxwcxwcwxcw

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Genetic Engineering

    Made by:
    Dhia
    Ben
    Messaoud
    3M3
    What is the difference between
    the mice in these two
    groups?
    What is genetic
    engineering?
    Genetic engineering is the direct modification of an
    organism’s genome, which is the list of specific
    traits (genes) stored in the DNA.
    Changing the genome
    enables engineers to
    give desirable
    properties to different
    organisms.
    Organisms created
    by genetic
    engineering
    are called genetically
    History of GMO
    Development
    1973: created first
    genetically modified
    bacteria
    1974: created GM
    mice 1982: first
    commercial
    development of GMOs
    (insulin-producing
    bacteria)
    1994: began to sell
    genetically modified food
    2003: began to sell GMOs
    What is the GMO
    process?
    All genetic changes affect the protein synthesis of the
    organism.
    By changing which proteins are produced, genetic
    engineers can affect the overall traits of the organism.
    Genetic modification can be completed by a number of
    different methods:
    • Inserting new genetic
    material randomly or
    in targeted locations
    • Direct replacement of
    genes (recombination)
    • Removal of genes
    • Mutation of existing
    genes
    GMO
    Bacteria
    Bacteria are the most common GMOs because their
    simple structure permits easy manipulation of their
    DNA.
    One of the most interesting uses for genetically modified
    bacteria is the production of hydrocarbons (plastics and
    fuels) usually only found in fossil fuels.
    Cyanobacteria have been modified to produce plastic
    (polyethylene) and fuel (butanol) as byproducts of
    photosynthesis
    E. Coli bacteria have been modified to produce diesel fuel
    Engineering
    Plants
    How might genetic engineering
    modify plants to solve everyday
    problems?
    (Consider world hunger, weather problems, insecticide
    pollution…)
    Genetically Modified
    GMO Crops
    crop production in the US (2010):
    93% of soybeans
    93% of cotton
    86% of corn
    95% of sugar beets

    Example:
    One common modified crop is Bt-corn.
    A gene from the Bt bacteria is added so the corn produces
    Banana Vaccines
    Modified virus injected
    in sapling tree causes
    the bananas to contain
    virus proteins

    Venomou
    s
    Cabbage
    Scorpion genes added
    to the
    cabbage prevent
    insects from eating it
    Other Reasons to Genetically Modify
    Crops
    Insect resistant
    Herbicide resistant
    Drought/freeze resistant
    Disease resistant
    Higher yield
    Faster growth
    Improved nutrition
    Longer shelf life
    Engineering
    Animals
    Could genetic engineering be used
    to modify any animals to solve
    problems?
    Bioluminescent
    Animals

    Uses:
    Protein tracking
    Disease detection using
    bioluminescent imaging (BLI)
    to identify different types of
    cells
    Novelty pets (Glofish are available
    Fast-
    Growing
    Salmon
    Genes from two other
    fish cause this salmon
    to continually produce
    growth hormones

    Less Smelly
    Cows
    Modifying bacteria
    responsible for methane
    production in cattle
    results in 25% less-
    GMO
    Concerns
    What are some concerns regarding
    genetically modified foods and
    animals?
    Risk to human health; unsafe to eat
    Harm to the environment and wildlife
    Increased pesticide and herbicide use
    Farmers’ health
    Seed and pollen drift
    Creation of herbicide-resistant super weeds
    What about genetic engineering in humans?
    Nearly 50 countries around the world, including Australia, Japan and all of the

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