Addis Ababa university AAiT campus programing

(python) final exam with perfect answer

Part one
Error finding (10 pts.)
1. number = input(“please enter any number: ”) # the number can not be
interpreted as an integer.
2. For i in range(1,number):
3. if (number % i ==0):
4. sum += 1 # unsupported operand types(s)
5. if (sum == number):
6. print(number , ”is a perfect number”)
7. else:
8. print(number ,”is not a perfect number”)

by Neway.M 1 06/07/2024
 Answer

Line Error type solution

number
1 Type error Number = int(input(“Enter number:n”))
4 Type error Sum =number +1

by Neway.M 2 06/07/2024
 Question 2

for (i in range(11.5)):
print(i, end=‘ ’)

by Neway.M 3 06/07/2024
 Line Error type solution
error
1 Syntax error for i in range float(11.5)

by Neway.M 4 06/07/2024
 Question 3

i +=2
while(i <== 9): # assignment operator syntax error
print(‘the value of i is:’)
Print(i+=1)

by Neway.M 5 06/07/2024
 Answer

Line Error type solution

number
2 Syntax error while( i<= 9):
1 Name error i is not defined

by Neway.M 6 06/07/2024
 Error type Description

Index Error When the wrong index of a list is retrieved.

AssertionError It occurs when the assert statement fails

AttributeError It occurs when an attribute assignment is failed.

It occurs when an imported module is not

ImportError
found.

It occurs when the key of the dictionary is not

Key Error found.

NameError It occurs when the variable is not defined.

MemoryError It occurs when a program runs out of memory.

It occurs when a function and operation are

Type Error
applied in an incorrect type.

by Neway.M 7 06/07/2024
 Common error finding method in python

1) Forgetting to put a :

 at the end of an if, elif, else, for, while, class,

or def statement.
 (Causes “Syntax Error: invalid syntax”)
Example:-
For i in Range(10):
if(i==5)
break:
else: print(i)
continue
by Neway.M 8 06/07/2024
 2) Using = instead of ==.

 (Causes “Syntax Error: invalid syntax”)

a, b = 0
if (a = b)
a +b = c
print( z)

by Neway.M 9 06/07/2024
 3) Using the wrong amount of indentation.

 (Causes “Indentation Error: unexpected indent” and

“Indentation Error:
 unindent does not match any outer indentation level” and
“Indentation Error: expected an indented block”)
 the indentation only increases after a statement ending with
1. a : colon, and
2. afterwards must return to the previous indentation.

by Neway.M 10 06/07/2024
 4) Forgetting the len() call in a for loop statement.
 (Causes “TypeError: 'list' object cannot be interpreted
as an integer”)
 Commonly you want to iterate over the indexes of
items in a list or string, which requires calling
the range() function.
 Just remember to pass the return value of Len(some
List), instead of passing just some List.

by Neway.M 11 06/07/2024
 5) Trying to modify a string value.

 (Causes “TypeError: 'str' object does not support

item assignment”)
 Strings are an immutable data type.

by Neway.M 12 06/07/2024
 6) Trying to concatenate a non-string value to a string
value.
 (Causes “Type Error: Can't convert 'int' object to str
implicitly”)

by Neway.M 13 06/07/2024
 7) Forgetting a quote to begin or end a string value.

 (Causes “Syntax Error: EOL while scanning string literal”)

Example1:-
str = “Educational channel please subscribe
for c in range[3,9]
Print (str(c))
Example2:
a = input("Enter any number")
if a%2=0:
print("Even number)
Else :
print("Odd number")
by Neway.M 14 06/07/2024
 8) A typo for a variable or function name.

 (Causes “Name Error: name 'fooba' is not defined”)

by Neway.M 15 06/07/2024
 9) A typo for a method name.

(Causes “Attribute Error: 'str' object has no attribute

'lowerr'”)

by Neway.M 16 06/07/2024
 10) Going past the last index of a list.

 (Causes “Index Error: list index out of range”)

by Neway.M 17 06/07/2024
 11) Using a non-existent dictionary key.

 (Causes “Key Error: 'spam'”)

by Neway.M 18 06/07/2024
 12) Trying to use a Python keyword for a variable name.
 (Causes “Syntax Error: invalid syntax”)

by Neway.M 19 06/07/2024
 13) Using an augmented assignment operator on a new
variable.
 (Causes “Name Error: name 'foobar' is not defined”)
 Do not assume that variables start off with a value such
as 0 or the blank string.
 A statement with an augmented operator like spam +=
1 is equivalent to spam = spam + 1.
 This means that there must be a value in spam to begin
with.
by Neway.M 20 06/07/2024
 14) Using a local variable (with the same name as a global variable)
in a function before assigning the local variable.
 (Causes “UnboundLocal Error: local variable 'foobar' referenced
before assignment”)
 Using a local variable in a function that has the same name as a
global variable is tricky. The rule is: if a variable in a function is
ever assigned something, it is always a local variable when used
inside that function. Otherwise, it is the global variable inside that
function.
 This means you cannot use it as a global variable in the function
before assigning it.
by Neway.M 21 06/07/2024
 15) Trying to use range() to create a list of integers.
(Causes “Type Error: 'range' object does not support
item assignment”)
 Sometimes you want a list of integer values in order,
so range() seems like a good way to generate this list.
 However, you must remember that range() returns a
"range object", and not an actual list value.

by Neway.M 22 06/07/2024
 16) There is no ++ increment or –- decrement operator.
(Causes “SyntaxError: invalid syntax”)

 If you come from a different programming language

like C++, Java, or PHP, you may try to increment or
decrement a variable with ++ or --.
 There are no such operators in Python.

by Neway.M 23 06/07/2024
by Neway.M 24 06/07/2024
 Part two
Code output(10pt.)

4. row = 6
String = “python”
for i in range(row,0,-1):
j= 0
for k in string:
if(j == i):
break
print(j,end=k)
j += 1
print(“ ”)
by Neway.M 25 06/07/2024
 Question 5

def output(X(i)):
i += 1
print(i)
i = 19
for i in range(10):
output(X(i))
i+=5
output(X(i))
by Neway.M 26 06/07/2024
 Part3
Completion(14pt.)

Fibonacci series
The first number start with 0 and the second number start with1
First,second=0,1
n= t-in---------------
Print(“Fibonacci series are: ”)
For i in---range(n):-------------------
if i <= 1:
result = I
else:
result =first + second----------------------
first =---second---------------------
second=-result-----------------
print(result)
by Neway.M 27 06/07/2024
 Fibonacci Series In Python
 Fibonacci series in python is a sequence of numbers in
which the current term is the sum of the previous two
terms.
 The first two terms of the Fibonacci sequence are 0 and 1.
So what is the logic behind this?
 Let’s understand it in detail.

by Neway.M 28 06/07/2024
 The logic behind Fibonacci sequence in python

 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610,

987, 1597,… this is the Fibonacci sequence.
 As you can see, the first two terms of the sequence
are 0 and 1.
 The third term is an addition to the first two terms
and so on.
 In general,
 Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2
 Where Fn is a current term.

by Neway.M 29 06/07/2024
 Python Five method to
Fibonacci series

Table of Contents
1. Fibonacci series in python using for loop
2. Fibonacci series in python using while loop
3. Fibonacci series using recursion in python
4. Printing Nth term of Fibonacci series using recursion
5. Printing Fibonacci series dynamically

by Neway.M 30 06/07/2024
 1. Fibonacci series in python using for loop

 Accept the number of terms from the user and pass that number in the loop and
implement the Fibonacci number’s logic in the loop.
n = int(input("Enter number of terms: "))
n1, n2 = 0, 1
i=0
if n <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer")
elif n == 1:
print("Fibonacci sequence up to",n,":")
print(n1)
else:
print("Fibonacci sequence:")
for i in range(n):
print(n1)
sum = n1 + n2
n1 = n2
n2 = sum
i += 1

by Neway.M 31 06/07/2024
 Fibonacci series in python using while loop

 Take a number of terms of the Fibonacci series as input from the user and iterate while loop with the
logic of the Fibonacci series.
n = int(input("Enter number of terms: "))
n1, n2 = 0, 1
i=0
if n <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer")
elif n == 1:
print("Fibonacci sequence up to",n,":")
print(n1)
else:
print("Fibonacci sequence:")
while (i <n):
print(n1)
sum = n1 + n2
n1 = n2
n2 = sum
i += 1
by Neway.M 32 06/07/2024
 3.Fibonacci series using recursion in python
 Same logic as above, accept a number from the user and pass it to
the function.
 The function will return the value and outside we print it.
def Fibonacci(n): #fibinacci function
if n < 0:
print("Incorrect input")
elif n == 0:
return 0
elif n == 1 or n == 2:
return 1
else:
return Fibonacci(n - 1) + Fibonacci(n - 2) #Logic for the fibonacci series
n = int(input("Enter number of terms: "))
i=0
for i in range(n):
print(Fibonacci(i))
by Neway.M 33 06/07/2024
 4.Printing Nth term of Fibonacci series using recursion

 Accept a number of a term from the user and pass it to the

function.
 It will return the exact term of the Fibonacci series.
def Fib(x): #fibinacci function
if x < 0:
print("Incorrect input")
elif x == 0:
return 0
elif x == 1 or x == 2:
return 1
else:
return Fib(x-1) + Fib(x-2) #Logic for the fibonacci series
x = int(input("Enter number of terms: "))
print(Fib(x))
by Neway.M 34 06/07/2024
 5.Printing Fibonacci series
dynamically
 Initialize an array with 0 and 1 and accept a number of terms from the user.
 The function will append the values to the array which will reduce memory wastage.
def fib(n):
a = [0,1]
if n == 1:
print('0')
elif n == 2:
print(a)
else:
while(len(a) < n):
a.append(0)
if(n == 0 or n == 1):
return 1
else:
a[0]=0
a[1]=1
for i in range(2, n):
a[i]=a[i - 1]+a[i - 2]
print("First {} terms of fibonacci series:".format(n),a)
return a[n - 2]
by Neway.M n = int(input("Enter number of term: ")) 35 06/07/2024
fib(n)
 Question7
check Armstrong number

digit = 0
result = 0
number = 370
number1 = number
temp = number
#digit counting code
while number != 0:
number =--number//10--------
#the sum of each digit powered to the digit count
While-number1!=0------------:
number=----------------------
result=--------------------------
number1 = number1//10
If------------:
print(“number is Armstrong”)
else:
Print(“number is not Armstrong”)

by Neway.M 36 06/07/2024
 Python Program to Check Armstrong Number

 In this tutorial, we are going learn to check whether an n-

digit integer is an Armstrong number or not.
 To understand this concept, you should have the knowledge
of the following Python programming topics:
1. Python if...else Statement
2. Python while Loop

by Neway.M 37 06/07/2024
 Concept of Armstrong number

 A positive integer is called an Armstrong number of

order if the sum of the cube of the each digit is equal to it.
 For example if a number is abcdfgh…. in order to become
armstrong number it must satisfies the following condition
abcd... = an + bn + cn + dn + …..
 In case of an Armstrong number of 3 digits, the sum of
cubes of each digit is equal to the number itself. For
example:
 153 = 1*1*1 + 5*5*5 + 3*3*3 // 153 is an Armstrong number.
by Neway.M 38 06/07/2024
 Python code to check weather a given number
is Armstrong number or not
# take input from the user
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# initialize sum
sum = 0

# find the sum of the cube of each digit

temp = num
while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10
sum += digit ** 3
temp //= 10

# display the result

if num == sum:
print(num,"is an Armstrong number")
else:
print(num,"is not an Armstrong number")
by Neway.M 39 06/07/2024
 Cont.….

 Here, we ask the user for a number and check if it is an

Armstrong number.
 We need to calculate the sum of the cube of each digit.
 So, we initialize the sum to 0 and obtain each digit number
by using the modulus operator %.
 The remainder of a number when it is divided by 10 is the
last digit of that number.
 We take the cubes using exponent operator.
 Finally, we compare the sum with the original number and
conclude that it is Armstrong number if they are equal.
by Neway.M 40 06/07/2024
 Code: Check Armstrong number of n digits

num = 1634

# Changed num variable to string,

# and calculated the length (number of digits)
order = len(str(num))

# initialize sum
sum = 0

# find the sum of the cube of each digit

temp = num
while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10
sum += digit ** order
temp //= 10

# display the result

if num == sum:
print(num,"is an Armstrong number")
else:
by Neway.M print(num,"is not an Armstrong number")
41 06/07/2024
 Question

by Neway.M 42 06/07/2024
 Answer
python digits counting code

# Python Program to Count Number of Digits in a Number

using While loop

Number = int(input("Please Enter any Number: "))

Count = 0
while(Number > 0):
Number = Number // 10
Count = Count + 1
print("\n Number of Digits in a Given Number = %d"
%Count)

by Neway.M 43 06/07/2024
 Sum of each digit powered to number
of digit

by Neway.M 44 06/07/2024
 Question8
calculate number of occurrence of a given character from given string

string=input(“please enter string: ”)

cha=input(“please enter character: ”)
index , count = 0,0
while(index<len(length)):
if( char==str[index])
count+=1
index+=1
Print(“The total number of occurrence of”, char,”is”,count)

by Neway.M 45 06/07/2024
 Python Program to Count Occurrence of a Character in a String

 Write a Python Program to Count Occurrence of a Character in a String

with a practical example.
 This python program allows you to enter a string and a character.
for loop
# Python Program to Count Occurrence of a Character in a String
string = input("Please enter your own String : ")
char = input("Please enter your own Character : ")
count = 0
for i in range(len(string)):
if(string[i] == char):
count = count + 1
print("The total Number of Times ", char, " has Occurred = " , count)

by Neway.M 46 06/07/2024
 Cont.…

 Here, we used For Loop to iterate each character in a String.

 Inside the Python For Loop, we used the If statement to
check whether any character in a string is equal to the given
character or not.
 If true, then count = count + 1.

by Neway.M 47 06/07/2024
 Python Program to Count Occurrence of a Character method 2

 This Python counting total occurrence of a character in a

string program is the same as the above.
 we just replaced the For Loop with While Loop.
# Python Program to Count Occurrence of a Character in a String
string = input("Please enter your own String : ")
char = input("Please enter your own Character : ")
i=0
count = 0
while(i < len(string)):
if(string[i] == char):
count = count + 1
i=i+1
print("The total Number of Times ", char, " has Occurred = " , count)

by Neway.M 48 06/07/2024
 Python Program to Count Total Occurrence of a Character method
3

 This Python total occurrence of a given Character program is

the same as the first example.
 But, this time, we used the Functions concept to separate the
logic.
# Python Program to Count Occurrence of a Character in a String
def count_Occurrence(ch, str1):
count = 0
for i in range(len(string)):
if(string[i] == char):
count = count + 1
return count
string = input("Please enter your own String : ")
char = input("Please enter your own Character : ")
cnt = count_Occurrence(char, string)
print("The total Number of Times ", char, " has Occurred = " , cnt)
by Neway.M 49 06/07/2024
 Part four
check palindrome(string)
5 easy way’s

 In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use Python to check if a

string is a palindrome.
 You’ll learn 5 different ways, including using string indexing,
for loops, the reversed() function.
 You’ll also learn the limitations of the different approaches,
and when one might be better to use than another.
 But before we dive in, let’s answer a quick question:
 what is a palindrome?
 a palindrome is a word, phrase, or sequence that is the same
spelled forward as it is backwards
by Neway.M 50 06/07/2024
 1.Use String Indexing

 One of the easiest ways to use Python to check if a string is a

palindrome is to use string indexing.
 One of the greatest things about Python indexing is that you can set
a step counter as well, meaning you can move over an iterable at a
desired rate.
 The way that we’ll make use of this is to use a step of -1, meaning
that we move over the iterable from the back to the front.
 An important thing to keep in mind is that your string may have
different casing as well as spaces. Because of this, we’ll need to
preprocess our string to remove capitalization and any spaces.
 Let’s take a look at using string indexing to check if a string is a
palindrome in Python:
by Neway.M 51 06/07/2024
 code
# Use String Indexing in Python to check if a String is a
Palindrome
a_string = 'Was it a car or a cat I saw'
def palindrome(string):
string = string.lower().replace(' ', '')
return string == string[::-1]
print(palindrome(a_string))

by Neway.M 52 06/07/2024
 steps

Let’s explore what we’ve done here:

1. We define a function that takes a single string
2. We then re-assign the string to itself, but lower all
the character cases and remove any spaces
3. We then return the evaluation of whether the string
is equal to itself, backwards
4. This returns True if the string is a palindrome,
and False if it is not

by Neway.M 53 06/07/2024
 2.Use the Python Reversed Function to Check if a String is a Palindrome

 Python comes with a built-in function, reversed(), which,

well, reverses an item.
 You can pass in some iterable item, be it a string, a list, or
anything else ordered, and the function returns the
reversed version of it.
# Use the Reversed() function in Python to check if a String is a Palindrome
a_string = 'Was it a car or a cat I saw'
def palindrome(string):
string = string.lower().replace(' ', '')
reversed_string = ''.join(reversed(string))
return string == reversed_string
print(palindrome(a_string))
# Returns: True

by Neway.M 54 06/07/2024
 Cont..

Let’s take a look at what our function does:

 Similar to the method above, it first changes all casing
to lower case and removes all spaces
 Then, it uses the reverse() function to reverse the
string. This is then joined.
 Finally, the two strings are evaluated against whether
or not they’re equal.

by Neway.M 55 06/07/2024
 3.Using a For Loop to Check if a Python String is a Palindrome

♥ Similar to the above methods, we can use a Python for-loop

to loop over a string through the reverse to see if its
characters match.
Let’s see how we can use a for loop to check if a string is a
palindrome:
a_string = 'Was it a car or a cat I saw'
def palindrome(string):
string = string.lower().replace(' ', '')
reversed = ‘ '
for i in range(len(string), 0, -1):
reversed += string[i-1]
return string == reversed
print(palindrome(a_string))

by Neway.M 56 06/07/2024
 Cont..

 What we’ve done here is traversed the list from the

last index, -1, to its first, 0.
 We then assign that value to a string reversed.
 Finally, we evaluate whether the two strings are
equal.
 In the next section, you’ll learn how to use a Python
while loop to see if a palindrome exists.

by Neway.M 57 06/07/2024
 4.Using a Python While Loop to Check if a String is a Palindrome

 In this section, let’s explore how to use a Python while loop to see if a
string is a palindrome or not.
 One of the benefits of this approach is that we don’t actually need to
reassign a reversed string, which, if your strings are large, won’t
consume much memory.
a_string = 'Was it a car or a cat I saw'
def palindrome(string):
string = string.lower().replace(' ', '')
first, last = 0, len(string) - 1
while(first < last):
if(string[first] == string[last]):
first += 1
last -= 1
else:
return False
return True
print(palindrome(a_string))
by Neway.M 58 06/07/2024
 Cont..

 What we do here is loop over the string from beginning to

end.
 Our while loop evaluates whether or not the ith index from
the front is equal to the ith index from the back.
 A major performance benefit here can be that if a string is
clearly not a palindrome, say if the first and last characters
don’t match, then the loop breaks.
 This saves us significant memory and time.

by Neway.M 59 06/07/2024
 5.Check if a Number is a Python Palindrome

 The easiest way to check if a number is a Python

palindrome, is to convert the number to a string and apply
any of the methods mentioned above.
 Let’s see how we can do this using the string indexing
method:
# Use String Indexing in Python to check if a Number is a
Palindrome
a_number = 123454321
def palindrome(number):
number = str(number)
return number == number[::-1]
print(palindrome(a_number))
by Neway.M 60 06/07/2024