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Module 6 - Networking - Student

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40 views17 pages

Module 6 - Networking - Student

Uploaded by

rawn34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A Brief History of the Internet

The First Network


• ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
– Computers could not talk to each other
– In 1969 the First four nodes (locations) were able to
communicate: UCLA, Stanford, MIT, & University of Utah
•

Introduction of the Internet


• New networks with different languages (protocol) began
– The networks could not talk to each other
– Solution: A common Protocol:
transmission control protocol/Internet
protocol (TCP/IP)
– Internet: an interconnected network of
Internet Terms
• Packet – a block of data transmitted across a network
• Packet-switching –A mode of data transmission in which a
message is broken into a number of parts which are sent
independently, over whatever route is best for each
packet, and reassembled at the destination.
• Hub – connects other devices to the network and sends
packets to all devices connected to it.
• Bridge – connects two networks together and filters
packets.
• Switches – connects multiple devices and filters packets
based upon destination.
Internet Terms (contd.)
• Router – receives and analyzes packets, then sends them to
specific destinations.
• Internet Protocol (IP) Address – Unique number that identifies a
computer or device.
• Domain Name– common name for a Website so you don’t have
to remember the IP address. (www.Google.com =
2001:4860:4860::8888)
• Domain Name System (DNS) – throughout the internet.
Translates domain names to IP addresses.
• Protocol – Set of rules that allow devices to exchange
information.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewrBalT_eBM (A Packet’s Tale 3:29)
Internet and the World Wide Web
• First Internet users (1980s): government, academic, and
research organizations
• Internet was driven by e-mail; but had to know
commands and location of computer
• World Wide Web (www)
– Hypertext was developed, making communication easier (web
pages are built with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)).
– 1993 Mosaic browser allowed text and graphics
together
– 1994 Netscape Navigator first commercial
web browser
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8K49dD52WA History of the internet (3:40)
Growth of Internet usage
Web 1.0 – Web 3.0
Web 1.0
– Web pages
– Not interactive
– People find and view information but don’t‘ interact
with it
Web 2.0
– Users can communicate with Web sites and each other
– YouTube, Wiki, Flickr, Facebook…etc.
Web 3.0 (new era)
– Semantic Web – emerging now.
– The goal of the Semantic Web is to
make Internet data machine-readable
Internet vs. WWW
• What is the difference?
– Not the same
– WWW is part of the Internet
• Internet: A network of networks, across the
planet.
• WWW: Web servers with HTML pages that are
viewed on devices with Web browsers.
Growth of Broadband
• In the 70s/80s people used dial up modems to
connect to computers.
– Tied up phone lines
– Hindered usage – too slow
– Speed measured in bps
• Broadband
-Cable, DSL, Satellite, Fiber optic offer higher
speed
• Average global home broadband speed
is 113 mbps; Qatar is 113.88 mbps (speedtest.net)
• Enabled growth of new businesses and
Wireless Networking
Wi-Fi
wireless technology that connects devices to the
internet. A radio signal sent from a wireless
router to a nearby device, it translates the signal
into data you can see and use.
Mobile Network:
a radio network distributed over land areas called
cells, each served by at least one fixed-location
transceiver, known as a cell tower.
Bluetooth:
short-range wireless interconnection of devices
VoIP:
short for Voice over Internet Protocol.
Components of a Simple Computer
Network

Copyrig
Organizational Networking

• Intranet – within the


organization. (LAN-Local
Area Network)
• Extranet – allowing
partners into your network
for specific things (eg.
Supply Chain Management)
• Internet
Networks
The internet is made of different types of networks:
• LAN (Local Area Network): connects personal computers and other
digital devices within a half-mile or 500-meter radius. Ie. Computers
in a small office, in one building, or several buildings in close
proximity. LANs require their own dedicated channels.
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): a network that spans a
metropolitan area, usually a city and its major suburbs. Its
geographic scope falls between a WAN and a LAN.
• WAN (Wide Area Network): spans broad geographical distances –
regions, continents, or the globe. The most powerful WAN is the
internet.
• CAN (Campus Area Network) a computer network that spans a
limited geographic area. CANs interconnect multiple local area
networks (LAN) within an educational or corporate campus.
Two of Google’s Corporate Campuses

San Francisco Bay

Google Mountainview Campus

Google Bayview Campus


Cloud Computing

= Internet

Cloud computing means you


get your computing services
over the internet.
In-house vs Cloud Computing
In-house cloud
farm

Access a data center


through the Internet

Own company
data center.
Google’s Server Farms or Data Centers
Cloud Computing Problems
• Security – you do not control the cloud;
someone else does
• Access – if you lose Internet, it’s over
• Service from a giant host might not be as good
as what you get in-house
• Locked in to a specific service provider
• Isn’t always as easy as it seems

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