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Internet-Network Programming W13

The document discusses URLs and how to manipulate them in Java. It describes how to parse a URL, open connections to URLs, and read data from URLs. It also covers sockets and how to implement basic client-server applications using sockets. Finally, it provides an example of sending and receiving datagrams with UDP.

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Hafiz Mian 10
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Internet-Network Programming W13

The document discusses URLs and how to manipulate them in Java. It describes how to parse a URL, open connections to URLs, and read data from URLs. It also covers sockets and how to implement basic client-server applications using sockets. Finally, it provides an example of sending and receiving datagrams with UDP.

Uploaded by

Hafiz Mian 10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internet/Network

Programming

BSCS-4
Manipulating URLs
• URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator and is a reference (an address) to a
resource on the Internet.
• Sample structure of a URL. The resource name part may contain: host name, file name,
port number(optional) and reference (optional)
http://scholar.google.com.pk

Protocol Identifier Resource Name

• We can create a URL object in Java from an absolute URL or a relative URL.
• The URL class provides several methods implemented on URL objects. You
can get the protocol, host name, port number, and filename from a URL.
Example code
import java.net.*;

public class ParseURL {

public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {

URL aURL = new URL("http://java.sun.com:80/docs/books/" +


"tutorial/index.html#DOWNLOADING");

System.out.println("protocol = “ + aURL.getProtocol());
System.out.println("host = " + aURL.getHost());
System.out.println("filename = " + aURL.getFile());
System.out.println("port = " + aURL.getPort());
System.out.println("ref = " + aURL.getRef());

}
}
Connecting with a URL (1)
openStream(): returns a java.io.InputStream object, from which you can read
easily as reading from an input stream. It may throw an IOException
Example code
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;

public class ReadURL {


public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

URL osu = new URL("https://scholar.google.com.pk//");


BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(osu.openStream()));
String inputLine;
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(inputLine);
in.close();
}}
This prints out the source code for the webpage https://scholar.google.com.pk
Connecting with a URL (2)

• openConnection(): Returns a URLConnection object that represents a connection


to the remote object referred to by the URL. It may throws an IOException
try {
URL osu = new URL("https://scholar.google.com.pk/);
URLConnection osuConnection = osu.openConnection();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) { // new URL() failed
} catch (IOException e) {
}

• The URLConnection class provides many methods to communicate with the URL, such as
reading and writing.
Sockets
• Sometimes you need a low-level network communication, such as a client-server
application
• The TCP protocol provides a reliable point-to-point communication channel via
the sockets.

• A socket is an endpoint for reliable communication between two


machines. To connect with each other, each of the client and the
server binds a socket to its end for reading and writing.
• The java.net package provides two classes — Socket and ServerSocket
— to implement the client and the server, respectively.
Establishing a simple server
• Five steps:
1. Create a ServerSocket object
ServerSocket server=new ServerSocket(port,queueLength);
2. The server listens indefinitely (or blocks) for an attempt by a client to connect
Socket connection = server.accept();
3. Get the OutputStream and InputStream objects that enable the server to communicate with the
client by sending and receiving bytes
InputStream input = connection.getInputStream();
OutputStream output = connection.getOutputStream();
• You can get a stream of other data types from the InputStream and OutputStream
4. Processing phase: the server and the client communicate via the InputStream and the
OutputStream objects
5). After the communication completes, the server closes the connection by invoking
close() on the Socket and the corresponding streams
Establishing a simple client
• Four steps:
1). Create a Socket object
Socket connection = new Socket (serverAddress, port);

2). Get the OutputStream and InputStream of the Socket.


The server and the client must send and receive the data in the same format
3). Processing phase:
The server and the client communicate via the InputStream and the
OutputStream objects
4). After the communication completes, the client closes the
connection.
A simple server/client pair example
The server side
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class Server {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String data = "Let's test if we can connect...";
try {
ServerSocket server_socket = new ServerSocket(1234);
System.out.println("I’ve started, dear clients...");

Socket socket = server_socket.accept();

System.out.print("Server has connected!\n");


PrintWriter outToClient = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);

System.out.print("Sending string: ‘" + data + “’\n");


outToClient.print(data);

outToClient.close();
socket.close();
server_socket.close();
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.out.print("Whoops! It didn't work!\n");
} }}
A simple server/client pair example (cont.)
The client side
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class Client {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 1234);

BufferedReader inFromServer = new BufferedReader(new


InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

System.out.print("Received string: ‘");


while (inFromServer.ready())
System.out.println(in.readLine()); //Read one line and output it

inFromServer.close();
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.out.print("Whoops! It didn't work!\n");
}}}
A simple server/client pair example (cont.)
• What happens on the screen if you run the code?
• First run Server.java

• Then run Client.java


A simple server/client pair example (cont.)

• If you run Client.java without running Server.java


Datagrams

• The UDP protocol provides a mode of network


communication whereby datagrams are sent over
the network. DatagramSockets are used for
the connection.
• A datagram’s arrival, arrival time and order of
arrival is not guaranteed. It’s used whenever an
information needs to be broadcast periodically
UDP example
import java.net.*;
class GetDate {
final static int PORT_DAYTIME = 13;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket dgsocket = new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress destination = InetAddress.getByName("news.cis.ohio-state.edu");;
DatagramPacket datagram;
byte[] msg = new byte[256];
datagram = new DatagramPacket(msg, msg.length, destination, PORT_DAYTIME);
dgsocket.send(datagram);
datagram = new DatagramPacket(msg, msg.length);
dgsocket.receive(datagram);
String received = new String(datagram.getData());
System.out.println("Time of machine:" + received);
dgsocket.close();
}
}
Sample excution:
alpha> java GetDate
Time of machine: Wed Apr 10 00:16:42 2024

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