Sleep and The Sleep Cycle Revision

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SLEEP AND THE SLEEP AOS1- Mind, Brain, Body

CYCLE
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO
KNOW ?
What is sleep?
Whys is sleep and ASC?
Brain wave patterns associated with sleep
How sleep is measured
Sleep deprivation
How we recover from sleep
Theories on why we need sleep
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
2. Awake and Drowsy
Just before we fall asleep and close our eyes our brainwave patters are mainly
ALPHA brainwaves.

Alpha waves are lower in frequency and higher in amplitude.


SLEEP
Sleep is a natural occurrence and we most likely sleep each day
The sleep/wake cycle is an example of a circadian rhythm
Sleep is classified as an altered state of consciousness
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP-
REM AND NREM SLEEP
Sleep is just not one state of consciousness, it compromises of different states
The different stages of sleep are easily identifiable by physiological responses such
as brainwave patterns, muscle tension, eye movement, body temperature, heart rate,
blood pressure, respiration and hormone release
On average we go through one cycle every 90 minutes- this is an example of an
ultradian rhythm.
Most adults experience 4-6 cycles per night
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
Awake
1. Awake and Alert- brainwave’s consists of BETA brainwaves

These brainwaves are characterized by short amplitudes and low frequency


A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
NON RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP
Once we are asleep we enter non rapid eye movement sleep we are in a relaxed state known as a hypnogogic state and hypnotic jerks can
occur
STAGE 1 NREM
Lasts 5 minutes on average
Very light sleep and can be easily woken
If we wake we often think we haven’t been asleep at all
Sometimes called the pre sleep stage
Throughout this stage of sleep alpha brainwaves tend to be replaced by THETA brainwaves, which have a lower frequency and larger
amplitude as our muscles relax and heart rate decreases
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
STAGE 2 NREM
Many consider stage 2 and the stage when sleep really starts
Lasts for about 20 minutes
Still fairly easy to be waken
Sleep spindles and K complexes can occur
Further into stage 2 sleep, muscles start to further relax, and breathing and heart rate
tend to decrease
Stage 2 sleep accounts for 50% of out total sleep
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
Stage 3 NREM
Marks the start of a deep sleep
Become less responsive to external stimuli
More difficult to wake
If woken we feel very groggy and disorientated.
DELTA brainwaves of lower frequency and higher amplitude are present
In stage three our eyes do not move, our muscles are relaxed and heart rate and
breathing becomes slower and more regular
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
STAGE 4 –
At our deepest stage of sleep
Very difficult to wake a person
Consciousness awareness a very low
Still be woken by certain stimuli such as smoke alarm or baby crying

In our first cycle we reach stage 4 after an hour of sleep and in our first cycle we spend
about 30minutes in stage 4 sleep’
Stage 4 consists of DELTA brainwaves
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
NREM SLEEP –
More likely to experience sleepwalking, night terrors and bedwetting during stages
3-4 sleep ( Why might this be the case?)
Sleep walking (somnambulism) is more common in children
Sleepwalkers are not carrying out their dreams as dreaming doesn’t normally occur
during stages 3&4 sleep.
It is not dangerous to wake a sleepwalker. They will most likely go to bed and not
remember the event
Night terrors are more likely to occur during the first two sleep cycles.
Sleep talking can occur at any stage of NREM sleep
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
The first cycle of REM sleep lasts for 10 minutes
REM sleep is a lighter stage of sleep that stages 3&4 and are therefore easier to wake
If we are woken during REM sleep, we tend to recall that we are dreaming.
Our brain is active during REM sleep and resembles Beta brainwaves, however they are called Sawtooth
waves

Have rapid burst’s of eye movement, heart rate, blood pressure and respiration increases and
fluctuates
During REM sleep, we experience Muscle Atonia or Cataplexy (paralysis) apart from occasional
twitching
REM sleep can be referred as ‘ paradoxal sleep as we can look relaxed and asleep, but our other
A TYPICAL NIGHTS SLEEP
REM SLEEP – DREAMING
 We only dream during REM sleep
 Dreams can be confusing and weird
 You final dream of the night is normally the longest and strangest and the one dream that you may
remember
SLEEP CYCLE
It is important to realize that sleep does not progress through the stages in sequence.
REM sleep doesn’t happen in the first cycle of sleep, it starts in the second cycle.
Sleep begins in stage 1 and progresses into stages 2, 3 and 4. After stage 4 sleep, stage 3 and
then stage 2 sleep are repeated before entering REM sleep. Once REM sleep is over, the
body usually returns to stage 2 sleep. Sleep cycles through these stages approximately four
or five times throughout the night.
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