COMPUTER

COMPUTER
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
 HISTORY OF
COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY
Grade 7 - Quarter 1 – Lesson 1
Computer Definition:
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts
information (Data), processes it according to specific
instructions, and provides the results as new information.

Mr. John Lester B. Magdaraog, LPT

Teacher
 Earliest Computing Devices

Originally calculations were computed by humans,

whose job title was computers.

These human computers were typically engaged in the

calculation of a mathematical expression.

The calculations of this period were specialized and

expensive, requiring years of training in mathematics.
Earliest Computing Devices

TALLY STICKS ABACUS NAPIER’S BONES

Earliest Computing Devices

TALLY STICKS
It was an ancient memory aid
device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even
messages.
Earliest Computing Devices

TALLY STICKS ABACUS NAPIER’S BONES

Earliest Computing Devices

ABACUS
• An abacus is a mechanical
device used to aid an individual in
performing mathematical
calculations.
• The abacus was invented in
Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
• The abacus in the form we are
most familiar with was first used
in China in around 500 B.C.
Earliest Computing Devices

TALLY STICKS ABACUS NAPIER’S BONES

Earliest Computing Devices

NAPIER’S BONES
• Invented by John Napier in
1614.
• Allowed the operator to multiply,
divide and calculate square and
cube roots by moving the rods
around and placing them in
specially constructed boards.
Earliest Computing Devices

SLIDE RULE PASCALINE STEPPED RECKONER

Earliest Computing Devices

SLIDE RULE
• Invented by William Oughtred in
1622.
• Based on Napier's idea about
logarithms.
• Not normally used for addition or
subtraction.
• Used primarily for multiplication,
division, roots, logarithm,
Trigonometry
Earliest Computing Devices

SLIDE RULE PASCALINE STEPPED RECKONER

Earliest Computing Devices

PASCALINE
• Invented by Blaise Pascal in
1642.
• It was its limitation to
addition and subtraction.
• It is too expensive.
Earliest Computing Devices

SLIDE RULE PASCALINE STEPPED RECKONER

Earliest Computing Devices

STEPPED RECKONER
• Invented by Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.
• The machine that can add,
subtract, multiply and divide
automatically.
 1800s Computer

Most computers are used to count for population,

perform complicated mathematical problems and
efficiency in recording math equations.
1800s Computer

JACQUARD LOOM ARITHMOMETER

1800s Computer

JACQUARD LOOM
• This is a mechanical loom,
invented by Joseph-Marie
Jacquard in 1881.
• It’s an automatic loom
controlled by punched
cards.
1800s Computer

JACQUARD LOOM ARITHMOMETER

1800s Computer

ARITHMOMETER
• invented by Thomas de Colmar
in 1820.
• The first reliable, useful and
commercially successful
calculating machine.
• The machine could perform the
four basic mathematic functions.
• The first mass-produced
calculating machine.
1800s Computer

DIFFERENCE ENGINE AND CHARLES BABBAGE

ANALYTICAL ENGINE
 1800s Computer

• Invented by Charles Babbage

(Father of Computer) in 1822
and 1834.
• It’s an automatic, mechanical
calculator designed to tabulate
polynomial functions.
Difference Engine • It is the first mechanical
computer.

Analytical Engine
 1800s Computer

AUGUSTA ADA BYRON

FIRST PROGRAMMING RECORDED

In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggests to

Babbage that he use the binary system.

She writes programs for the Analytical

Engine.
1800s Computer

SCHEUTZIAN CALCULATION TABULATING MACHINE

ENGINE
1800s Computer

SCHEUTZIAN
CALCULATION ENGINE
• Invented by Per Georg Scheutz
in 1843.
• Based on Charles Babbage’s
difference engine.
• The first printing calculator.
1800s Computer

SCHEUTZIAN CALCULATION TABULATING MACHINE

ENGINE
 1800s Computer

TABULATING MACHINE
• Invented by Herman Hollerith in
1890.
• To assist in summarizing
information and accounting.
 Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

Computers are starting to use electricity and mechanical

energies. Most of them are used to still record
population count and solve complicated math problems.
Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

HARVARD MARK 1 Z1
Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

HARVARD MARK 1
• Also known as IBM
Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator
(ASCC).
• Invented by Howard H. Aiken
in 1943.
• The first electro-mechanical
computer.
Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

HARVARD MARK 1 Z1
Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

Z1
• The first programmable
computer.
• Created by Konrad Zuse in
Germany from 1936 to 1938.
• To program the Z1 required that
the user insert punch tape into a
punch tape reader and all output
was also generated through
punch tape.
Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

ABC COMPUTER ENIAC UNIVAC

Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

Atanasoff-Berry Computer
• It was the first electronic digital
computing device.
• Invented by Professor John
Atanasoff and graduate student
Clifford Berry at Iowa State
University between 1939 and
1942.
Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

ABC COMPUTER ENIAC UNIVAC

Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

ENIAC
• ENIAC stands for Electronic
Numerical Integrator and
Computer.
• It was the first electronic general
purpose computer.
• Completed in 1946. Developed
by John Presper Eckert and
John W. Mauchly.
Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

ABC COMPUTER ENIAC UNIVAC

Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

UNIVAC
• The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal
Automatic Computer 1) was
the first commercial
computer.
• Designed by J. Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly.
Early Mechanical-Electronic Computers

EDVAC
• EDVAC stands for Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer.
• The First Stored Program
Computer
• Designed by Von Neumann in
1952.
• It has a memory to hold both a
stored program as well as data.
 Modern and Multimedia Computers

Computers are a lot smaller compared to any

models released in early 1940’s to 50’s. Aside from
computing math problems, computers has now a lot
of features to offer.
Modern and Multimedia Computers

OSBORNE 1 IBM 5150

Modern and Multimedia Computers

•
OSBORNE 1
The first portable computer.
• Released in 1981 by the
Osborne Computer Corporation.
• Developed by Adam Osborne
Modern and Multimedia Computers

OSBORNE 1 IBM 5150

Modern and Multimedia Computers

•
IBM 5150
The first personal computer.
• Released in 1981 by the
International Business Machines.
• Developed by Philip Dom
Estridge
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

FIRST GEN. SECOND GEN.

1946 – 1958 1959 – 1964
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

FIRST GEN.
• The first computers used vacuum tubes
1946 – 1958
for circuitry and magnetic drums for
memory, and were often enormous, taking
up entire rooms.
• They were very expensive to operate and
in addition to using a great deal of
electricity, generated a lot of heat, which
was often the cause of malfunctions.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

FIRST GEN.
• First generation computers relied on
1946 – 1958
machine language, the lowest-level
programming language understood by
computers, to perform operations, and
they could only solve one problem at a
time.
• Input was based on punched cards and
paper tape, and output was displayed on
printouts.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

FIRST GEN. SECOND GEN.

1946 – 1958 1959 – 1964
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and SECOND GEN.

ushered in the second generation of 1959 – 1964
computers. One transistor replaced the
equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes.
• Still generated a great deal of heat that can
damage the computer.
• Second-generation computers moved from
cryptic binary machine language to symbolic,
or assembly, languages, which allowed
programmers to specify instructions in words.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

SECOND GEN.

• Second-generation computers still relied 1959 – 1964

on punched cards for input and
printouts for output.
• These were also the first computers that
stored their instructions in their memory,
which moved from a magnetic drum to
magnetic core technology.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

THIRD GEN. FOURTH GEN.

1965 – 1970 1971 – Today
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

THIRD GEN.
• The development of the integrated circuit
1965 – 1970
was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers.
• Transistors were miniaturized and placed
on silicon chips, called semiconductors,
which drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers.
• Much smaller and cheaper compare to the
second generation computers.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

THIRD GEN.
• Users interacted with third generation
1965 – 1970
computers through keyboards and monitors
and interfaced with an operating system, which
allowed the device to run many different
applications at one time with a central program
that monitored the memory.
• Computers for the first time became accessible
to a mass audience because they were smaller
and cheaper than their predecessors.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

THIRD GEN. FOURTH GEN.

1965 – 1970 1971 – Today
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

FOURTH GEN.
• The microprocessor brought the fourth
generation of computers, as thousands of 1971 – Today
integrated circuits were built onto a single
silicon chip.
• As these small computers became more
powerful, they could be linked together to
form networks, which eventually led to the
development of the Internet.
The Fifth Generation – AI Technology
The Fifth Generation – AI Technology

• Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).

• It’s still in development. The use of
parallel processing and superconductors
is helping to make artificial intelligence a
reality.
• The goal is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and are
capable of learning and self-organization.
• There are some applications, such as
voice recognition, that are being used
today.
 HISTORY OF
COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY
Grade 7 - Quarter 1 – Lesson 1
Computer Definition:
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts
information (Data), processes it according to specific
instructions, and provides the results as new information.

Mr. John Lester B. Magdaraog, LPT

Teacher
 ACTIVITY 1.1
Instructions:
MIND MAP
Create a mind map that connects the idea of the origins and
developments occurred in computer technology. Do this on a short
bond paper.

Remember this:
• Don’t use Canva or MS Office Apps to accomplish the task.
• Use pencil, pen, coloring materials, etc. to finish your work.
• Don’t forget to write your name on the upper left side of your
paper.
 QUIZ 1.1
HISTORY OF
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
Directions:
Write the letter of your correct answer for each item.

1. Which of the following is the primary source of the information

(data) received by computer?
a. Human/User
b. Programs
c. Computer itself
2. It was an ancient memory aid device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even messages.
a. Tally Sticks
b. Abacus
c. Stepped Reckoner
3. China claims to have the oldest abacus, but studies shows
Babylonia has one during ________ BC.
a. 2000
b. 2400
c. 3000
4. Napier’s Bones was invented by John Napier in ______.
a. 1613
b. 1614
c. 1615
5. This was inspired from Napier’s Bones and invented by William
Oughtred in 1622.
a. Pascaline
b. Slide Rule
c. Stepped Reckoner
6. Which of these names is correct who invented the Stepped
Reckoner?
a. Gotfried William Leibniz
b. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
c. Gottfrid Wilhelm Leibniz
7. Jacquard loom use _______ in reading numerical values.
a. punched cards
b. punched paper
c. punched boards
8. He is the Father of Computers.
a. Charles Babbage
b. Augusta Ada Byron
c. Blaise Pascal
9. He programmed and invented Harvard Mark 1.
a. Harvard Aiken
b. Howard Aiken
c. Mark Aiken
10. This is the first portable-computer.
a. Osborne IV
b. Osborne II
c. Osborne I
B. Arrange the jumbled letters o form the answer for each item.

11. First generation computers use AVCUMU TBUES for memory.

12. Second generation use RTASNISTOR in replacement for
vacuum tubes.
13. Third generation use integrated circuit where it is placed on
ISILOCN CIHSP.
14. Forth generation use MRICOPORCESOSR until today.
15. The fifth generation features TARIFCIALI Intelligence that still in
development.