Data Structures (DS)

GTU # 3130702

Unit-2
Linear Data
Structure
Array
Dr. Pradyumansinh Jadeja
Computer Engineering Department
Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajkot
pradyuman.jadeja@darshan.ac.in
+91 9879461848
 Outline
Looping
 Array
• Representation of arrays
• One dimensional array
• Two dimensional array
 Applications of arrays
• Symbol Manipulation (matrix representation of polynomial
equation)
• Sparse matrix
 Sparse matrix and its representation
One Dimensional Array
 Simplest data structure that makes use of computed address to locate its elements is the one-
dimensional array or vector.
 Number of memory locations is sequentially allocated to the vector.
 A vector size is fixed and therefore requires a fixed number of memory locations.
 Vector A with subscript lower bound of “one” is represented as below….
L • L0 is the address of the first word allocated to the first element of vector A
0
i-1 • C words is size of each element or node

L0+(i-1)C • The address of element Ai is

Loc(Ai) = L0 + (C*(i-1))
A[i] • Let’s consider the more general case of a vector A with lower bound for it’s subscript
is given by some variable b.
• The address of element Ai is
Loc(Ai) = L0 + (C*(i-b))
Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 3
Two Dimensional Array
 Two dimensional arrays are also called table or matrix
 Two dimensional arrays have two subscripts
 Column major order matrix: Two dimensional array in which elements are stored column
by column is called as column major matrix
 Two dimensional array consisting of two rows and four columns is stored sequentially by
columns : A[1,1], A[1,2], A[1,3], A[1,4], A[2,4]
A[2,1], A[2,2], A[2,3],
Col-1 Col-2 Col-3 Col-4
Row 1 [1,1] [1,2] [1,3] [1,4]

Row 2 [2,1] [2,2] [2,3] [2,4]

Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 4
Column major order matrix
Col-1 Col-2 Col-3 Col-4
Row 1 [1,1] [1,2] [1,3] [1,4]

Row 2 [2,1] [2,2] [2,3] [2,4]

 The address of element A [ i , j ] can be obtained by expression

Loc (A [ i , j ]) = L0 + (j-1)*2 + (i-1)
Loc (A [2, 3]) = L0 + (3-1)*2 + (2-1) = L0 + 5
 In general for two dimensional array consisting of n rows and m columns the address
element A [ i , j ] is given by
Loc (A [ i , j ]) = L0 + (j-1)*n + (i – 1)

Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 5
Row major order matrix
 Row major order matrix: Two dimensional array in which elements are stored row by row
is called as row major matrix
b2 u2 n = no of rows, m = no of columns
b1 [1,1] [1,2] [1,3] [1,m]
b1 = lower bound subscript of row
[2,1] [2,2] [2,3] [2,m] u1 = upper bound subscript of row
n = u1 – b1 + 1

b2 = lower bound subscript of column

u1 [n,1] [n,2] [n,3] [n,m] u2 = upper bound subscript of column
nxm m = u2 – b2 + 1

• The address element A [ i , j ] is given by

Loc (A [ i , j ]) = L0 + (i-1)*m + (j – 1)
• The address element A [ i , j ] is given by
Loc (A [ i , j ]) = L0 + (i-b1)*(u2-b2+1) + (j – b2)
Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 6
Applications of Array
1. Symbol Manipulation (matrix representation of polynomial equation)
2. Sparse Matrix

 Matrix representation of polynomial equation

 We can use array for different kind of operations in polynomial equation such as addition, subtraction,
division, differentiation etc…
 We are interested in finding suitable representation for polynomial so that different operations like
addition, subtraction etc… can be performed in efficient manner.
 Array can be used to represent Polynomial equation.

Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 7
Representation of Polynomial equation
Y Y2 Y3 Y4
X XY XY2 XY3 XY4
X2 X 3Y X2Y2 X2Y3 X2Y4
X3 X 3Y X3Y2 X3Y3 X3Y4
X4 X 4Y X4Y2 X4Y3 X4Y4

2X2 + 5XY + Y2 X2 + 3XY + Y2+Y-X

Y Y2 Y3 Y4 Y Y2 Y3 Y4
0 0 01 0 0 0 01 01 0 0
X 0 05 0 0 0 X 0
-1 30 0 0 0
X2 20 0 0 0 0 X2 10 0 0 0 0
X3 0 0 0 0 0 X3 0 0 0 0 0
X4 0 0 0 0 0 X4 0 0 0 0 0

Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 8
Sparse matrix
 An m x n matrix is said to be sparse if “many” of its elements are zero.
 A matrix that is not sparse is called a dense matrix.
 We can device a simple representation scheme whose space requirement equals the size of the
non-zero elements.

7Column -
2Column -

4Column -

6Column -
5 olumn -
3 olumn -
Column -
Column -

C
C

8
1

Row - 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 Terms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Row 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4
Row - 2 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 3
Column 4 7 2 5 8 4 6 2 3
Row - 3 0 0 0 9 0 8 0 0 Value 2 1 6 7 3 9 8 4 5
Row - 4 0 4 5 0 0 0 0 0
Linear Representation of given matrix
4x8

Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 9
Sparse matrix Cont…
 To construct matrix structure from liner representation we need to record.
 Original row and columns of each non zero entries.
 Number of rows and columns in the matrix.

 So each element of the array into which the sparse matrix is mapped need to have three
fields: row, column and value

Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 10
Sparse matrix Cont…
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Linear representation of Matrix
0 0 6 0 9 0 0 Row Column A
2 0 0 7 8 0 4
1 3 6
A= 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 12 0 0 0 0 1 5 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2
0 0 0 3 0 0 5 2 4 7
6x7
2 5 8
Memory Space required to store 4
2 7
6x7 matrix
3 1 10
42 x 2 = 84 bytes
4 3 12
6 4 3
Memory Space required to store
Linear Representation 6 7 5

30 x 2 = 60 bytes Space Saved = 84 – 60 = 24 bytes

Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 11
Sparse matrix Cont…
Linear Representation of Matrix Linear Representation of Matrix
Row Column A Column A
1 3 6 1 3 6
1 5 9 2 5 9
Row
2 1 2 3 1 2
1 1
2 4 7 4 4 7
2 3
2 5 8 5 5 8
3 7
2 7 4 6 7 4
4 8
3 1 10 7 1 10
5 0
4 3 12 8 3 12
6 9
6 4 3 9 4 3
6 7 5 10 7 5

Memory Space required to store Liner Representation = 26 x 2 = 42 bytes

Dr. Pradyumansinh U. Jadeja #3130702 (DS)  Unit 2 – Linear Data Structure (Array) 12
 Data Structures (DS)
GTU # 3130702

Thank
You

Dr. Pradyumansinh Jadeja

Computer Engineering Department
Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajkot
pradyuman.jadeja@darshan.ac.in
+91 9879461848