INTEGRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES

WITH
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS USING
SOLAR
POWER
ABSTRACT

• This paper describes the application of Internet-of-things (IoT) in monitoring the performance of
electric vehicle battery. It is clear that an electric vehicle totally depends on the source of energy
from a battery. However, the amount of energy supplied to the vehicle is decreasing gradually that
leads to the performance degradation.

• To develop a sophisticated Battery Management System (BMS) for a hybrid renewable energy-
based Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station. The primary goal is to efficiently integrate and
manage energy derived from multiple renewable sources, such as solar and wind, to power EV
charging infrastructure. The BMS is designed to optimize battery performance, enhance lifespan,
and ensure safety while managing the storage and discharge of electrical energy.
ABSTRACT

• This is a major concern for battery manufacture. In this work, the idea of monitoring the
performance of the vehicle using IoT techniques is proposed, so that the monitoring can be done
directly.

• The proposed IoT-based battery monitoring system is consists of two major parts i) monitoring
device and ii) user interface. Based on experimental results, the system is capable to detect
degraded battery performance and sends notification messages to the user for further action.
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO TITLE YEAR AUTHOR DESCRIPTION
1 Battery 2020 Ankita Dwivedi, The planned bms system is developed and this machine
Monitoring Nand Kishore consists of 2 major elements i) monitor and ii)
System For Singh, Pratima interface. Supported experimental results, the device is
Electrical Walde capable to watch degraded battery overall performance
Vehicle and sends notification messages to the user for more
action.

2 Electrical 2022 Sanjana K, Ram The main function of battery monitoring system is to
vehicle Prasad G P, ensure that the battery is protected and any operation
battery Sukesh Ram P, out of its safety limit is prevented. It monitors the
monitoring Malarvizhi K battery’s state of charge (SOC) along with the state of
system with health (SOH).
V2H
EXISTING METHOD

• The system of or project is shown, First step towards the progress is to measure the voltage level
of a battery available in the car then the SIM module we are using SIM808V 3.2 reads the current
location of a vehicle then they are will be a heat sensor which will continuously working on
detecting heat of a battery.

• As the voltage sensor program with the arduino will display the current battery charged percentage
and we will set a certain limit beyond that if a battery charge percentage go then it will notify a
user and we will also a threshold heat unit beyond that if battery temperature goes then both sensor
which are connected to arduino will send a signal to module which will eventually send your the
current location to a proper authority.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
• The system is focused on two significant parts one is monitoring the parameters and the other is vehicle to
home technology. For monitoring the voltage, current and temperature sensors is used to monitor different
parameters.

• It protects the battery pack from being over charge (cell voltages goes high) or over discharge (cell voltages
goes low) in this way the battery’s life. It does by constantly monitoring every cell in the battery pack and
calculating exactly how much current is safely going in (charge) and come out (discharge) of the battery pack
without damaging it.

• It also calculates the state of charge by tracking how much energy goes in and out by monitoring the cell
voltage. It monitors the complete health of the battery pack by continuously checking for loose connections,
breakdowns in wire insulations and defective cells that need to be replaced in the battery pack.

• These parameters gives notifications to the user for safe operations of the battery pack.
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
POWER SUPPLY UNIT

12V VOLTAGE
Buck boost REGULATOR 7805 IC 7812 IC
converter BATTERY

SOLAR PANEL

Voltage sensor 1 Relay module

Voltage sensor 2 Coil Transmitter EV

ESP32 MICROCONTROLLER
IR SENSOR

LCD DISPLAY

TEMPERATURE SENSOR
SPI

IOT
TRANSFORMER

• Input Voltage: 230V AC

• Output Voltage: 12V, 12V or 0V
• Output Current: 5 Amp
• Mounting: Vertical mount type
• Winding: Copper
BRIDGE RECTIFIER

• O/p DC current is 1.5A

• The maximum peak reverse voltage is 800V
• Output Voltage: (√2×VRMS) – 2 Volt
• The maximum input voltage is 560V
• Voltage drop for each bridge is 1V @ 1A
• The surge current is 50A
CAPACITOR

• Capacitance: 1000uF
• Maximum Voltage: 50 Volts
• Tolerance: ±15%
• Capacitor Type: Radial Through Hole Electrolytic
• Polarization: Yes. Line with ‘-‘ denotes negative lead
• Max Temperature: +85°C
BATTERY

Battery is used to store electrical energy in DC .And supply it for

the circuits.

• Operating voltage -12v

• Battery capacity 3 hours of

• Battery backup

• Height- 53mm

• Width-45mm
VOLTAGE REGULATOR

LM7805
• Minimum Input voltage is 7V
• Maximum Input Voltage is 35V
• Current rating Ic = 1A
• Maximum Output Voltage VMax=5.2V
• Minimum Output Voltage VMin=4.8V
VOLTAGE REGULATOR

LM7812
• Minimum Input voltage is 15V
• Maximum Input Voltage is 35V
• Current rating Ic = 1A
• Maximum Output Voltage VMax=12.5V
• Minimum Output Voltage VMin=11.8V
ESP32
• Single or Dual-Core 32-bit LX6 Microprocessor with clock
frequency up to 240 MHz.
• 520 KB of SRAM, 448 KB of ROM and 16 KB
of RTC SRAM.
• Supports 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi connectivity with
Speeds up to 150 Mbps.
• Support for both Classic Bluetooth v4.2 and
BLE specifications.
• 34 Programmable GPIOs.
• Up to 18 channels of 12-bit SAR ADC and
2 channels of 8-bit DAC
• 1Serial Connectivity include 4 x SPI, 2 x I2C, 2 x I2S, 3 x UART.
• 2Ethernet MAC for physical LAN Communication (requires external PHY).
• 31 Host controller for SD/SDIO/MMC and 1 Slave controller for SDIO/SPI.
• 4Motor PWM and up to 16-channels of LED PWM.
• 5Secure Boot and Flash Encryption.
• 6Cryptographic Hardware Acceleration for AES, Hash (SHA-2), RSA, ECC and RNG.
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

THERMISTOR
•Resistance is 10K ± 1% at 25 degrees Centigrade.
•B-value is 3950 ± 1%.
•Its response time is very fast from 0.12 to 10s.
•Dissipation factor δth is approximately 7.5mW/K.
•The thermal cooling time constant is <= 20 Sec.
•Temperature ranges from -55 °C to +200 °C.
•Available terminals are two.
•Linearity is exponential.
•Its accuracy ranges from 0.05°C to 1.00°C.
•The maximum tolerance is up to ±1.5% at –40°C &
150°C.
•Its cost ranges from low to moderate.
IR SENSOR
• IR indication by LED
• Instant output digital signal for directly Connecting to
the microcontroller
• Compact Size
• Working Voltage +5V DC
• TTL output 5V or 0V
 LCD
• The operating voltage of this display ranges from 4.7V to 5.3V
• The display bezel is 72 x 25mm
• The operating current is 1mA without a backlight
• PCB size of the module is 80L x 36W x 10H mm
• HD47780 controller
• LED color for backlight is green or blue
• Number of columns – 16
• Number of rows – 2
• Number of LCD pins – 16
• Characters – 32
• It works in 4-bit and 8-bit modes
• Pixel box of each character is 5×8 pixel
• Font size of character is 0.125Width x 0.200height
 ARDUINO IDE

• The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or

Arduino Software (IDE) - contains a text editor for writing
code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons
for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to
the Arduino and Genuino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them.
 EMBEDDED C

• Embedded C is a set of language

extensions for the
C Programming language by the
C Standards committee to address
commonality issues that exist between C
extensions for different
embedded systems. Historically,
embedded C programming requires
nonstandard extensions to the C language
in order to support exotic features such as
fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct
memory banks, and basic I/O operations.
 BLYNK APP
Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware
remotely, it can display sensor data, it can store data, vizualize it and do
many other cool things.
Features
 Similar API & UI for all supported hardware & devices

 Connection to the cloud using:

o WiFi

o Bluetooth and BLE

o Ethernet

o USB (Serial)

o GSM

 Set of easy-to-use Widgets

 Direct pin manipulation with no code writing

REFERENCE
• [1]. Xing , Yinjiao ; Ma, Eden W. M.; Tsui, Kwok L.; Pecht, Michael (2021). Battery Management
Systems in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles.

• [2]. Shah, Fawad Ali; Shahzad Sheikh, Shehzar; Mir, Umer Iftikhar; Owais Athar, Syed (2019). [IEEE
2019 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies
(PGSRET) - Istanbul, Turkey (2019.8.26-2019.8.27)] 2019 International Conference on Power
Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET) - Battery Health Monitoring for
Commercialized Electric Vehicle Batteries.

• [3]. Banaei, Anahita; Fahimi, Babak (2010). [IEEE 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion
Conference (VPPC) - Lille, France (2010.09.1-2010.09.3)] 2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion
Conference - Real time condition monitoring in Li-Ion batteries via battery impulse response.