Kinetics

Work and Energy Method

Dr. Mohammad Ilias Inam

Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering & Technology

Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

 Work and Energy Method Kinetic Energy at point 1.

Work-Energy Work done when moved from point 1 to 2.

Kinetic Energy at point 2.

Velocities and
Displacements

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 = 𝒎 𝒗𝑮+ 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Scalar Equation

Conservative
forces

𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏=𝑻 𝟐+ 𝑽 𝟐 Potential Energy at point 1.

Potential Energy at point 2.
(Conservation of Energy Method)
  Translation Kinetic Energy (T)
 General plane motion
𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 = 𝒎 𝒗𝑮
𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻= 𝒎 𝒗𝑮+ 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎
𝟐 𝟐

or,
𝟏 𝟐
 Rotation about fixed axis 𝑻= 𝑰 𝑰𝑪 𝝎
𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻= 𝒎 𝒗𝑮+ 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎
𝟐 𝟐

or,
𝟏 𝟐 System of Bodies. Because energy is a
𝑻= 𝑰𝑶 𝝎
𝟐 scalar quantity, the total kinetic energy for a system
of connected rigid bodies is the sum of the kinetic
energies of all its moving parts.
 Work done

Work of a variable force: 𝑼 𝑭 =∫ ⃗𝑭 .𝒅 ⃗𝒓

𝑼 𝑭 =∫ 𝑭 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽𝒅𝒔

Work of a constant force:

𝑼 𝑭 =( 𝑭 𝑪 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 ) 𝒔
𝑪
 Work done
Work of a weight: 𝑼 𝑾 =− 𝑾 ∆ 𝒚

 Work is positive when block moves downward.

 Work is negative when block moves upward.
 Only import vertical distance.

( )
Work of a spring force: 𝟏 𝟏
𝑼 𝒔 =− 𝒌 𝒔𝟐𝟐 − 𝒌 𝒔 𝟐𝟏
𝟐 𝟐

 Work is positive when spring is returning.

 Work is negative when spring is expanding.
 is measured from the unstressed length.
 Work done
Work of a couple of moment:
𝜽𝟐

𝑼 𝑴 =∫ 𝑴𝒅 𝜽 𝑼 𝑴 = 𝑴 ( 𝜽𝟐 − 𝜽𝟏 )
𝜽𝟏

Forces that don’t work:

 Forces act on a fixed point on the body like reaction forces at pin support.
 Rolling frictional forces (without sliding) does not work.
 𝑼𝑾=−𝑾∆𝒚=𝟗𝟖.𝟏×𝟏.𝟓=𝟏𝟒𝟕.𝟐 𝑱
𝑼 𝒔 =− ( 𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
)
𝒌 𝒔𝟐𝟐 − 𝒌 𝒔 𝟐𝟏 =−𝟕𝟓 𝑱
𝟐
𝒔 𝟏=𝟎 . 𝟕𝟓−𝟎 . 𝟓=𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒎
𝒔 𝟐=𝟐 −𝟎 . 𝟓=𝟏 . 𝟓𝟓𝒎
(1)
𝑼 𝑴 = 𝑴 ( 𝜽𝟐 − 𝜽𝟏 ) =𝟕𝟖 . 𝟓 𝑱
𝝅
𝜽𝟏 =𝟎 𝜽𝟐 =
𝟐
𝑼 𝑷 =𝟖𝟎 ×𝟑=𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝑱

(2) 𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑼 𝑾 +𝑼 𝒔 +𝑼 𝑴 +𝑼 𝑷 =𝟓𝟐𝟖 .𝟕 𝑱

Ans.
Pin reaction does not work.
 𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏= 𝒎 𝒗 𝟏+ 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟏=𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
Since initially in rest. 𝑻 𝟐= 𝒎 𝒗 𝟐+ 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟐=𝟏 . 𝟐 𝑱
𝟐 𝟐
, since rotating about fixed axis.
𝟐
𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑼 𝒔 +𝑼 𝑴 =−𝟎 . 𝟐 𝜽 +𝟓 𝜽 , Given.

𝑼 𝒔 =− ( 𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
)
𝒌 𝒔𝟐𝟐 − 𝒌 𝒔 𝟐𝟏 =−𝟎 . 𝟐 𝜽 𝟐
𝟐
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐 𝒔 𝟏=𝟎 𝒎 𝒔 𝟐=𝟎 . 𝟐 𝜽 𝒎
𝟐
𝟎 −𝟎 . 𝟐 𝜽 +𝟓 𝜽=𝟏 .𝟐 𝑼 𝑴 = 𝑴 ( 𝜽𝟐 − 𝜽𝟏 ) =𝟓 𝜽
𝜽=𝟎.𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟑𝒓𝒂𝒅=𝟏𝟑.𝟗° 𝜽𝟏 =𝟎 𝜽𝟐 =𝜽
Ans.
 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝒎 𝒗 𝟐+ 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟐=𝟎 .𝟔𝟐𝟏 𝝎 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
or,
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑻= 𝑰 𝑰𝑪 𝝎 =𝟎 . 𝟔𝟐𝟏 𝝎 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏= 𝒎 𝒗 𝟏+ 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟏=𝟎 Since no slipping occurs:
𝟐 𝟐
𝒗 𝟐=𝟎 . 𝟖 ×𝝎 𝟐
Since initially in rest.

𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑼 𝑾 +𝑼 𝒔 +𝑼 𝑴 =𝟎 −𝟓+𝟗 . 𝟑𝟕𝟓=𝟒 . 𝟑𝟕𝟓

𝑼 𝑾 =𝟎

IC (
𝑼 𝒔 =−
𝒔 =𝟎 𝒎
𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
𝟐 )
𝒌 𝒔𝟐𝟐 − 𝒌 𝒔 𝟐𝟏 =−𝟓
𝟏
Since no slipping occurs:
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐
𝒔 𝟐=𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑮+𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑨
𝟎+ 𝟒 .𝟑𝟕𝟓=𝟎 .𝟔𝟐𝟏 𝝎 𝟐𝟐 𝒔 𝟐=𝟎 . 𝟓+𝒓 𝜽=𝟏 𝒇𝒕 𝟎. 𝟓=𝒓 𝜽
𝝎 𝟐 =𝟐 .𝟔𝟓𝒓𝒂𝒅 / 𝒔 𝑼 𝑴 =𝟏𝟓 ×
𝟎.𝟓
=𝟗 . 𝟑𝟕𝟓
Ans. 𝟎.𝟖
𝟎. 𝟓=𝒓 𝜽
 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏= 𝒎 ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟏 + 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟏=𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
Since initially in rest.

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝒎 ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐 + 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟐=𝟏 . 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝝎 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝒓 𝑮/ 𝑰𝑪 × 𝝎𝟐 =( 𝟎 . 𝟒 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟓 ° ) 𝝎 𝟐

𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑼 𝑾 +𝑼 𝑷 =𝟑𝟗. 𝟕𝟕 𝑱

𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐
𝑼 𝑾=𝑾∆𝒚=𝟗𝟖.𝟏×(𝟎. 𝟒−𝟎. 𝟒𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝟓°)=𝟏𝟏.𝟒𝟗𝑱
𝟎+𝟑𝟗 .𝟕𝟕=𝟏 . 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝝎 𝟐𝟐

𝝎 𝟐 =𝟔 .𝟏𝟏𝒓𝒂𝒅 / 𝒔
𝑼 𝑷 =𝟓𝟎×𝟎.𝟖 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝟓°=𝟐𝟖.𝟐𝟖 𝑱
Ans.
 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏= 𝑰 𝑶 𝝎 𝟏+ 𝒎 𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟏 + 𝒎𝑩 ( 𝒗 𝑩 ) 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏=𝟐𝟖𝟐 .𝟔𝟏 𝑱( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟏=𝟏× 𝝎 𝟏=𝟐𝟎 𝒇𝒕 / 𝒔
( 𝒗 𝑩 )𝟏 =𝟎 .𝟓 × 𝝎 𝟏=𝟏𝟎 𝒇𝒕 / 𝒔
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝑰 𝑶 𝝎 𝟐+ 𝒎 𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐 + 𝒎𝑩 ( 𝒗 𝑩 ) 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑾 𝑷 =𝟓𝟎 𝑰𝒃 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐=𝟏× 𝝎 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐=𝟎 . 𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟓 𝝎 𝟐𝟐
( 𝒗 𝑩 )𝟐 =𝟎 .𝟓 × 𝝎 𝟐
𝜽=𝒚 𝑨 (¿ 𝟐 𝒇𝒕)/𝟏=𝒚 𝑩 /𝟎 . 𝟓
𝑶𝒙 Reaction forces does not work.
𝑶𝒚
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐

𝟐𝟖𝟐 . 𝟔𝟏 −𝟏𝟎=𝟎 . 𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟓 𝝎 𝟐𝟐

𝝎 𝟐 =𝟐𝟎. 𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅/ 𝒔
Ans.
𝑾 𝑩 =𝟑𝟎 𝑰𝒃 𝑾 𝑨 =𝟐𝟎 𝑰𝒃
 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏= 𝑰 𝑶 𝝎 𝟏+ 𝒎 𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟏=𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
Since initially in rest.

𝑼𝟏→𝟐=𝑼𝑾=∑𝑾∆𝒚=𝟒𝟎×𝟗.𝟖𝟏×𝟎+𝟏𝟎×𝟗.𝟖𝟏×𝒚𝑨=𝟗𝟖.𝟏×𝒚 𝑨
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝑰 𝑶 𝝎 𝟐+ 𝒎 𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝑾𝑷 𝑻 𝟐=𝟓𝟎𝟔 .𝟐𝟓 𝑱 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐=𝟎 .𝟑 × 𝝎 𝟐 (¿ 𝟏𝟓)

𝑶𝒙 𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝒎 𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐
𝑶𝒚 𝟎+𝟗𝟖 .𝟏 × 𝒚 𝑨 =𝟓𝟎𝟔 . 𝟐𝟓 𝟐

𝒚 𝑨 =𝟓. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎 𝑻 𝟐=𝟏𝟎𝟏 .𝟐𝟓 𝑱 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐=𝟎 .𝟑 × 𝝎 𝟐 (¿ 𝟏𝟓)

Ans.
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐

𝑨 𝟎+𝟗𝟖 .𝟏 × 𝒚 𝑨 =𝟏𝟎𝟏 . 𝟐𝟓

𝒚 𝑨 =𝟓. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎
Ans.

𝑾 𝑨=𝟐𝟎×𝟗.𝟖𝟏 𝑵
 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏= 𝒎 𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟏=𝟎
𝟐
Since initially in rest.
𝑻
𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝒎 𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐
𝟐
𝑻 𝟐=𝟏𝟎𝟏 .𝟐𝟓 𝑱 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐=𝟎 .𝟑 × 𝝎 𝟐 (¿ 𝟏𝟓)
𝑼 𝟏→𝟐=𝟏𝟎×𝟗.𝟖𝟏×𝒚 𝑨 −𝑻×𝒚 𝑨=𝟗𝟖.𝟏×𝒚 𝑨 −𝑻×𝒚 𝑨
𝑨

𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐

𝑾 𝑨=𝟐𝟎×𝟗.𝟖𝟏 𝑵 𝟎+𝟗𝟖 .𝟏 × 𝒚 𝑨 −𝑻 × 𝒚 𝑨 =𝟏𝟎𝟏 . 𝟐𝟓

𝒚 𝑨 =𝟓. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎
𝑻 =𝟕𝟖.𝟓 𝑵 Ans.
Conservation of Energy Method
 Gravitational Potential Energy 𝑽 𝒈=𝑾 𝒚 𝒈

𝑼 𝑾 =− 𝑾 ∆ 𝒚

Elastic Potential Energy 𝟏

( 𝟏 𝟏
)
𝟐
𝑽 𝒆= 𝒌𝒔 𝑼 𝒔 =− 𝒌 𝒔𝟐𝟐 − 𝒌 𝒔 𝟐𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝑽 =𝑽 𝒈 +𝑽 𝒆
𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑽 𝟏 − 𝑽 𝟐 ++ ( 𝑼 𝟏 → 𝟐 )𝒏𝒐𝒏− 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆

𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑽 𝟏 − 𝑽 𝟐 ( 𝑼 𝟏 →𝟐 )𝒏𝒐𝒏 −𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆=𝟎

If forces are conservative.
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐

𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏 −𝑽 𝟐=𝑻 𝟐 𝑼 𝟏→ 𝟐=𝑽 𝟏 − 𝑽 𝟐

𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏=𝑻 𝟐+ 𝑽 𝟐

This can be applies when forces are:

 Weight
 Spring force Conservative forces are:
 Gravitational forces.  Weight
 Spring force
 Gravitational forces.
 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
To calculate it is important to show datum line. 𝑻 𝟏= 𝒎 ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟏 + 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟏=𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
Since initially in rest.

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝒎 ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐 + 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟐=𝟎 . 𝟐𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝝎 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝒓 𝑮/ 𝑰𝑪 × 𝝎𝟐 =𝟎 .𝟐 𝝎 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐
𝑽 𝟏=𝑾 𝒚 𝟏 + 𝒌 𝒔𝟏 =𝟔 .𝟏𝟗 𝑱
𝟐
𝒚 𝟏=− 𝟎.𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎°
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏=𝑻 𝟐+ 𝑽 𝟏 𝒔 𝟏=−𝟎. 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎° −𝟎

𝟎+𝟔 . 𝟏𝟗=𝟎 . 𝟐𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝝎𝟐𝟐 𝟏 𝟐

𝑽 𝟐=𝑾 𝒚 𝟐 + 𝒌 𝒔𝟐 =𝟎
𝟐
𝝎 𝟐 =𝟒 . 𝟖𝟐𝒓𝒂𝒅/ 𝒔 𝒚 𝟐=𝟎
Ans. 𝒔 𝟐=𝟎
 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏= 𝒎 ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟏 + 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟏=𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
Since initially in rest.

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝒎 ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐 + 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟐=𝟎 . 𝟒𝟐𝟗𝟕 𝝎 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝒓 𝑮/ 𝑰𝑪 × 𝝎𝟐 =𝟎 .𝟕𝟓 𝝎 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐
𝑽 𝟏=𝑾 𝒚 𝟏 + 𝒌 𝒔𝟏 =𝟏𝟔 𝒇𝒕 . 𝑰𝒃
𝟐
𝒚 𝟏=𝟎
𝒔 𝟏=√ 𝟑𝟐 +𝟒𝟐 −𝟏=𝟒
𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏=𝑻 𝟐+ 𝑽 𝟏 𝑽 𝟐=𝑾 𝒚 𝟐 + 𝒌 𝒔𝟐 =𝟗 𝒇𝒕 . 𝑰𝒃
𝟐
𝟐 𝒚 𝟐=𝟎
𝟎+𝟏𝟔=𝟎 .𝟒𝟐𝟗𝟕 𝝎 +𝟗 𝟐
𝒔 𝟐=𝟒 −𝟏=𝟑 𝒇𝒕
𝝎 𝟐 =𝟒 . 𝟎𝟒𝒓𝒂𝒅 /𝒔
Ans.
 𝑻 𝟏=𝟎

[
𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
][ ]
𝑻 𝟐= 𝒎𝒓 (𝒗𝑮)𝟐+ 𝑰𝑮 ( 𝝎𝒓 )𝟐 + 𝒎𝒅 ( 𝒗𝑨)𝟐+ 𝑰 𝑨 (𝝎 𝒅)𝟐 =𝟎.𝟑( 𝝎𝒓 )𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝒓 𝑮 / 𝑰𝑪 × 𝝎𝟐 =𝟎 .𝟑 ( 𝝎 𝒓 ) 𝟐
( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐= 𝟎 ( 𝝎 𝒅 ) 𝟐=𝟎

𝑽 𝟏=𝑾 𝒓 𝒚 𝟏=𝟏𝟐 .𝟕𝟒 𝑱

𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏=𝑻 𝟐+ 𝑽 𝟏
𝒚 𝟏=𝟎.𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟎°
𝟐
𝟎+𝟏𝟐 .𝟕𝟒= 𝟎 .𝟑 ( 𝝎 𝒓 )𝟐 +𝟎

𝑽 𝟐=𝑾 𝒓 𝒚 𝟐=𝟎
( 𝝎 𝒓 )𝟐=𝟔 .𝟓𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅 / 𝒔
Ans. 𝒚 𝟐=𝟎
 𝝎 𝑻 𝟏=𝟎
𝑽 𝟏=𝑾 𝒚 𝟏=𝟎
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝒚 𝟏=𝟎 𝑻 𝟐=
𝟐
𝑰 𝑶 𝝎 𝟐+ 𝒎 𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐
𝟐

𝑻 𝟐=𝟓𝟗 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐
𝟐 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐=𝟎 .𝟐 × 𝝎 𝟐
𝑽 𝟐=𝑾 𝒚 𝟐=𝟗𝟖 . 𝟏 𝑱
Datum (𝟏) 𝒚 𝟐=− 𝟎 .𝟓 𝒎

𝒚 𝟐=𝟎 .𝟓 𝒎
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏=𝑻 𝟐+ 𝑽 𝟏
(𝟐) 𝟐
𝟎+ 𝟎=𝟓𝟗 ( 𝒗 𝑨 ) 𝟐 −𝟗𝟖 . 𝟏

𝒗𝑨 ( 𝒗 𝑨 )𝟐=𝟏. 𝟐𝟗 𝒎/ 𝒔
Ans.
 𝑻 𝟏=𝟎

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
or,
𝑻 𝟐= 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎𝟐 + 𝒎 (𝒗 𝑮)𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

𝑻 𝟐=𝟖 ( 𝝎 𝟐 )𝟐
𝟐
( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝟏× 𝝎 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐
𝑽 𝟏=𝑾 𝒚 𝟏 + 𝒌 𝒔𝟏 =𝟏𝟎 . 𝟔𝟏 𝑱
𝟐
𝒚 𝟏=− 𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎°
𝒔 𝟏 +𝟐 𝟐
=
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟓𝟎° 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟓 °

𝟏 𝟐
𝑽 𝟏=𝑾 𝒚 𝟐 + 𝒌 𝒔𝟐 =−𝟏𝟎𝟑 . 𝟗𝟗 𝑱
𝟐
𝒚 𝟐=− 𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟗𝟎°
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏=𝑻 𝟐+ 𝑽 𝟏
𝒔𝟐 +𝟐 𝟐
=
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟗𝟎 ° 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒 𝟓° 𝟐
𝟎+𝟏𝟎 .𝟔𝟏=𝟖 ( 𝝎 𝟐 )𝟐 −𝟏𝟎𝟑 .𝟗

( 𝝎 𝟐 )𝟐=𝟑 . 𝟕𝟖 𝒓𝒂𝒅/ 𝒔
Ans.
 𝑻 𝟏=𝟎

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑻 𝟐= 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎𝟐 + 𝒎 (𝒗 𝑮)𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

𝑻 𝟐=𝟒 .𝟒𝟓 ( 𝝎 𝟐 )𝟐
𝟐 ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝟎 .𝟒 × 𝝎 𝟐

𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
𝟐
𝑽 𝟏= 𝒌 𝒔 𝟏=𝟓𝟎 𝑱 𝑽 𝟐= 𝒌 𝒔 𝟐=𝟓𝟎 𝑱
𝟐 𝟐
𝒔 𝟏=𝟏 .𝟓 − 𝟎 .𝟓=𝟏 𝒎 𝒔 𝟐=𝒙 ′ −𝟎 . 𝟓 −𝟎 . 𝟓=𝟎 .𝟐 𝒎
𝒙 ′ =𝟏 .𝟓 − 𝒔 𝑮 −𝟎 . 𝟐=𝟎 . 𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟕𝒎
𝒔 𝑮 =𝟎 . 𝟐 𝝅
𝑻 𝟏 +𝑽 𝟏=𝑻 𝟐+ 𝑽 𝟏
𝟐
𝟎+𝟏=𝟒 .𝟒𝟓 ( 𝝎 𝟐 )𝟐 +𝟓𝟎

( 𝝎 𝟐 )𝟐=𝟑 . 𝟐𝟖 𝒓𝒂𝒅/ 𝒔
Ans.
Cylinder, hoop and sphere speed in inclined surface with
no-slip condition:
 Speed is independent
𝑻 𝟏=𝟎 of mass and radius.

 Cylinder with
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
different mass and
𝑻 𝟐= 𝑰 𝑮 𝝎 𝟐 + 𝒎 ( 𝒗 𝑮 ) 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝒓 × 𝝎 𝟐 radius have same

( )
𝟐
𝟏 𝒗𝑮 𝟏 𝟐 velocity after
𝑻 𝟐= 𝑰𝑮 + 𝒎 ( 𝒗 𝑮)𝟐
𝟐 𝒓 𝟐 𝟐 travelling same
distance.
𝑻 𝟐=
𝟏
𝟐 ( 𝑰𝑮
𝒓 )
𝟐
𝒎+ 𝟐 ( 𝒗 𝑮 ) 𝟐
 This is true for hoop
and sphere as well as.

𝑻 𝟏 +𝑼 →𝟐=𝑻 𝟐  Sphere velocity is than

For cylinder ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝟎.𝟖𝟏𝟔 √𝟐 𝒈𝒉 cylinder and cylinder
𝟎+𝑾𝒉 =
𝟏
𝟐 ( 𝑰𝑮
) 𝟐
𝒎+ 𝟐 ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐
𝒓
have higher velocity
than hoop for any
( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝟎.𝟕𝟎𝟕 √𝟐 𝒈𝒉

√ ( ) √(
𝑾𝒉 𝟐 𝒈𝒉 For Hoop mass and radius.
( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐= =
𝟏
𝟐
𝑰
𝒎+ 𝑮𝟐
𝒓
𝑰
𝟏+ 𝑮 𝟐
𝒎𝒓 ) For Sphere ( 𝒗 𝑮 )𝟐=𝟎.𝟖𝟒𝟓 √𝟐 𝒈𝒉
What will happen if it rotate in
horizontal plane.

17 - 28
 Sample Problem 17.1
SOLUTION:
• Consider the system of the
flywheel and block. The work
done by the internal forces exerted
by the cable cancels.

• Note that the velocity of the block

and the angular velocity of the
drum and flywheel are related by
v  r

For the drum and flywheel, I  10.5 kgm

2 • Apply the principle of work and
The bearing friction is equivalent to a kinetic energy to develop an
couple of 60 N  m At the instant shown, expression for the final velocity.
the block is moving downward at 6 m /s
Determine the velocity of the block after
it has moved 4 m downward.
17 - 29
Sample Problem 17.1
SOLUTION:
• Consider the system of the flywheel and block. The work
done by the internal forces exerted by the cable cancels.
• Note that the velocity of the block and the angular velocity of
the drum and flywheel are related by
v1 6 m/s v2 v
v  r 1    4.80 rad s 2   2
r 1.25 m r 1.25
• Apply the principle of work and kinetic energy to develop an
expression for the final velocity.

T1  12 mv12  12 I 12


1 240 N
2 9.81 m/s 2
6 m/s 2

1
2

10 .5 kgm 2
4.80 rad s 2

 561.33N  m
T2  12 mv22  12 I 22
2
1 240 2 1  v 
 v2  10.5 2   15.59v22
2 9.81 2  1.25  17 - 30
Sample Problem 17.1
T1  12 mv12  12 I 12  561.33 N  m
T2  12 mv22  12 I 22  15.59v22
• Note that the block displacement and pulley
rotation are related by
s2 4m
2    3.20 rad
r 1.25 m
Then,
U12  W s2  s1   M  2  1 
 240 N 4 m   60 N  m 3.20 rad 
 768 N  m
• Principle of work and energy:

T1  U12  T2
561.33 N  m  768 N  m  15.59 v22
v2  9.23 m/s
v2  9.23 m/s
17 - 31
 Sample Problem 17.2
SOLUTION:
• Consider a system consisting of the two
gears. Noting that the gear rotational
speeds are related, evaluate the final
kinetic energy of the system.
• Apply the principle of work and energy.
Calculate the number of revolutions
m A  10 kg k A  200 mm required for the work of the applied
mB  3 kg k B  80 mm moment to equal the final kinetic energy
of the system.
The system is at rest when a moment •
Apply the principle of work and energy to
of M  6 N  m is applied to gear B.
a system consisting of gear A. With the
Neglecting friction, a) determine the final kinetic energy and number of
number of revolutions of gear B before revolutions known, calculate the moment
its angular velocity reaches 600 rpm, and tangential force required for the
and b) tangential force exerted by gear indicated work.
B on gear A.
17 - 32
Sample Problem 17.2
SOLUTION:
• Consider a system consisting of the two gears. Noting
that the gear rotational speeds are related, evaluate the
final kinetic energy of the system.

B 
600 rpm 2 rad rev  62.8 rad s
60 s min
r 0.100
 A   B B  62.8  25.1rad s
rA 0.250

I A  m Ak A2  10kg 0.200m 2  0.400 kg  m 2

I B  mB k B2  3kg 0.080m 2  0.0192 kg  m 2

T2  12 I A A2  12 I B B2

 12 0.400 25.1 2  12 0.0192 62.82

 163.9 J

17 - 33
Sample Problem 17.2
• Apply the principle of work and energy. Calculate
the number of revolutions required for the work.
T1  U1 2  T2
0  6 B J  163.9J
27.32
 B  27.32 rad B   4.35 rev
2
• Apply the principle of work and energy to a system
consisting of gear A. Calculate the moment and
tangential force required for the indicated work.
r 0.100
 A   B B  27.32  10.93 rad
rA 0.250
T2  12 I A A2  12 0.400 25.1 2  126.0 J

T1  U1 2  T2
0  M A 10.93 rad   126.0J
11 .52
M A  rA F  11 .52 N  m F  46.2 N
0.250

17 - 34
 Sample Problem 17.4
SOLUTION:
• The weight and spring forces are
conservative. The principle of work and
energy can be expressed as
T1  V1  T2  V2
• Evaluate the initial and final potential
energy.
A 30-N slender rod pivots about the
point O. The other end is pressed • Express the final kinetic energy in terms
against a spring (k = 1800 N/m) until of the final angular velocity of the rod.
the spring is compressed 30 cm and the • Based on the free-body-diagram
rod is in a horizontal position. equation, solve for the reactions at the
If the rod is released from this position, pivot.
determine its angular velocity and the
reaction at the pivot as the rod passes
through a vertical position.
17 - 35
Sample Problem 17.4
SOLUTION:
• The weight and spring forces are conservative. The
principle of work and energy can be expressed as
T1  V1  T2  V2

• Evaluate the initial and final potential energy .

V1  Vg  Ve  0  12 kx12  12 1800 N / m 0.3 m 2
 81 N  m
V2  Vg  Ve  Wh  0  30 N 1.5 m 
1 ml 2
I  12  45 N  m
1  30 N  • Express the final kinetic energy in terms of the angular
  5 m 2
12  10 m/s2  velocity of the rod.

 6.25 kgm 2 T2  12 mv22  12 I 22  12 mr2 2  12 I 22

1 30
 1.52 2  12 6.2522  5.37522
2 10
17 - 36
Sample Problem 17.4
From the principle of work and energy,
T1  V1  T2  V2
0  81 N  m  5.37522  45 N  m 2  2.58 rad s

• Based on the free-body-diagram equation, solve for the

reactions at the pivot.

an  r   1.5 m 2.58 rad s   9.98 m/s
2
2
2
2
a 2
n  9. 98 m/s

at  r at  r
 M O   M O eff 0  I   mr  r  0
 Fx   Fx eff Rx  mr   Rx  0

 Fy   Fy eff R y  30 N   man


30 N
10 m/s 2
9.98 m/s 2

R y  29.9 N R  29.9 N
17 - 37
 Sample Problem 17.5
SOLUTION:
• Consider a system consisting of the two
rods. With the conservative weight force,
T1  V1  T2  V2
• Evaluate the initial and final potential
energy.
• Express the final kinetic energy of the
Each of the two slender rods has a system in terms of the angular velocities of
mass of 6 kg. The system is released the rods.
from rest with b = 60o.
• Solve the energy equation for the angular
Determine a) the angular velocity of
velocity, then evaluate the velocity of the
rod AB when b = 20o, and b) the
point D.
velocity of the point D at the same
instant.

17 - 38
Sample Problem 17.5
SOLUTION:
• Consider a system consisting of the two rods. With
the conservative weight force,
T1  V1  T2  V2

• Evaluate the initial and final potential energy.

V1  2Wy1  258.86 N 0.325 m 

 38.26 J

V2  2Wy 2  258.86 N 0.1283 m 

 15.10 J


W  mg  6 kg  9.81m s 2 
 58.86 N
17 - 39
Sample Problem 17.5
• Express the final kinetic energy of the system in terms
of the angular velocities of the rods.

v AB  0.375 m 
 
Since vB is perpendicular to AB and vD is horizontal,
the instantaneous center of rotation for rod BD is C.
BC  0.75 m CD  20.75 m sin 20  0.513 m
and applying the law of cosines to CDE, EC = 0.522 m
Consider the velocity of point B

vB   AB   BC  AB  BD  

vBD  0.522 m 

For the final kinetic energy,

1 ml 2  1 6 kg 0.75 m 2  0.281 kg  m 2
I AB  I BD  12 12
1 mv 2  1 I  2  1 mv 2  1 I  2
T2  12 AB 2 AB AB 12 BD 2 BD BD
1 6 0.375 2  1 0.281 2  1 6 0.522 2  1 0.281 2
 12 2 12 2
 1.520 2
17 - 40
Sample Problem 17.5
• Solve the energy equation for the angular velocity,
then evaluate the velocity of the point D.
T1  V1  T2  V2
0  38.26 J  1.520 2  15.10 J
  3.90 rad s

 AB  3.90 rad s

vD  CD 
 0.513 m 3.90 rad s 
 2.00 m s

vD  2.00 m s

17 - 41
17 - 42
17 - 43
17 - 44