PERFORMING PERIODIC

BACKUP
LEVEL II
UNIT No. 2
DATA BACKUP
What is Backup?
Having a backup these days is mandatory for any organization
concerned with their information and data. A file backup is a
copy of a file that is stored in a separate location from the
original. Backing up is making copies of data which may be
used to restore the original after a data loss event. This new
copy of data is the Backup. You can have multiple backups of
a file if you want to track changes to the file.
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Why we Backup?
There are many reasons why your organization may want to
back up their data. The primary reason is to recover data after
its loss. The loss can occur by accidental deletion, a virus
attack, or a software or hardware failure. If any of those things
occur and your files are backed up, you can easily restore
those files.
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What is data backup?
Data backup means creating a copy of the data on your system that you
use for recovery in case your original data is lost or corrupted. You can
also use backup to recover copies of older files if you have deleted them
from your system.
Many businesses and organizations protect their critical data with
backup, making it one of the key components of a company's disaster
recovery plan and business continuity strategy
Types of backup
Backup applications have long offered several types of backup
operations. The most common backup types are a
 Full backup
 Incremental backup
 Differential backup
Other backup types include synthetic full backups and
mirroring.
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Full backups
The most basic and complete type of backup operation is a full
backup. As the name implies, this type of backup makes a
copy of all data to a storage device, such as a disk or tape. The
primary advantage to performing a full backup during every
operation is that a complete copy of all data is available with a
single set of media.
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Incremental backups
An incremental backup operation will result in copying only the data
that has changed since the last backup operation of any type.
Differential backups
A differential backup operation is similar to an incremental the first time
it is performed, in that it will copy all data changed from the previous
backup. However, each time it is run afterwards, it will continue to copy
all data changed since the previous full backup.
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From these three primary types of backup, it is possible to
develop an approach for comprehensive data protection. An
organization often uses one of the following backup settings:
• Full daily
• Full weekly + differential daily
• Full weekly + incremental daily
BACKUP MEDIA
Backup media refer to storage devices where people save
electronic file backups, Examples include disks, tapes, flash
drives, clouds etc.
For storage devices to be considered backup media, they need
to contain copies of files currently or formerly stored on
devices. They are kept for several reasons, primarily avoiding
data loss in case of device failure
 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF BACKUP
MEDIA?
Users typically use two major types of backup media—small- and large-
capacity media. We’ll discuss each in greater detail below.
Tape
• Tape backup can range from half-inch reel tapes for legacy systems to
Digital Linear Tape (DLT), which is most commonly used today. Users
can buy DLT drives as simple desktop or standalone models that can
be directly connected to computers.
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• DLT drives can store up to 80GB of compressed files per tape. Super-
DLT can fit up to 600GB of compressed data. Linear Tape Open (LTO)
is physically incompatible with DLT but offers greater storage
capacity. An LTO-3 tape can hold up to 800GB of uncompressed data.
As such, it is the most widely used type of tape backup today.
• Given the number of files users can store on tapes, they are considered
large-capacity backup media.
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Cloud Storage
Users can store backups on cloud storage through a formal backup
process or by manually moving data to the cloud, such as into a Google
Drive and iCloud. Companies, therefore, don’t need to buy physical
devices to back up their files. Cloud storage as a backup media is
probably the most flexible in capacity. Users can get as little as 15GB of
Google Drive capacity to as much as 750GB. iCloud offers between
5GB and 4TB storage capacities.
Given the flexibility of cloud storage, it can be considered both small-
and large-capacity storage. It all depends on a user’s needs.
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Portable Drive
Small offices can rely on portable drives like external hard drives. Such
drives can store up to 18TB of data. But while they are less expensive
and easy to obtain, backing up files on them is time-consuming
Given the amount of data portable drives can hold, they can be
considered mid-capacity backup media.
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Optical Drive
Optical drives like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray disks are okay if users just
want to back up a few computers. Blu-Ray disks, which have the
biggest capacity, can only store up to 100GB of data. While optical
drives and media don’t cost a lot, are easy to store, and can easily be
connected to computers via USB, they are prone to damage, such as
cracks and scratches and problems like buffer underruns. That said, they
are not ideal for business use.
Optical drives and media are small-capacity backup media
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Flash Storage
Flash storage refers to flash drives or thumb drives. They usually use
USB interfaces to connect to systems.
Flash storage devices can only store up to 1TB of data, making them
another kind of small-capacity backup media.
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SD and Micro-SD Card
Today’s SD and micro-SD cards can store up to 128TB of data, making
them mid-capacity backup media. Like thumb drives, they are easy to
use, but they aren’t easy to update as it takes time to connect them to
devices. Not all computers also have SD and/or micro-SD card slots.
Given the digital nature of the world today, it’s no wonder that even
court cases accept backup media as evidence
Importance of Data Backup
Data Security
• One of the most crucial parts of data backup and recovery is security.
The importance of data backup and restore solutions with solid
security is critical to protect an organization’s project management
data.
• Investing in dependable data backup and recovery services can help
secure your data against disasters like data sprawl and breaches. It is
also critical for ensuring customers’ data safety and compliance with
legal standards.
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 Cost Control
• Losing vital organizational data can put your company out of business.
Losing customers’ sensitive information can lead to lawsuits; data loss
can stall projects, cause productivity decrease, and financial losses.
Maintain customer trust
• When your company loses customer data, it can damage your
reputation and cause customers to lose trust in your business.
Implementing a well-rounded backup strategy demonstrates that you
take data security seriously and assures clients that their data is in
good hands.
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Defend against cyberattacks
• Considering that cyberattacks have become more common in recent
years, it’s now more important than ever to have a data backup and
recovery solution in place. This way, even if your systems become
compromised or encrypted by ransomware, you can be confident that
you have clean copies of your data stored elsewhere. This way, you
can essentially reverse the damage done by a ransomware attack
without paying cybercriminals
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Minimize downtime
• Data loss can massively disrupt your business operations as employees
scramble to recreate lost data. However, with data backups, you can
easily restore recent copies of your data, so there’s no need to halt
operations to redo lost work. In fact, high-end data backup solutions
guarantee fast recovery times for critical data to maximize uptime