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19 views12 pages

Collections

Uploaded by

22ad030
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Collections

Why collections?
• Collections are used to hold a collection of
objects.
• List holds objects based on order of insertion
and can hold non unique collection
• Set holds objects without any order and are
unique
• Maps holds objects based on a key and value
pair, unique key and no specific order
Different Collections Interfaces
• List
• Set
• Maps
Hierarchy
Contract
• If two objects are equal according to the
equals(Object) method, then
calling the hashCode() method on each of the
two objects must produce the
same integer result.
• If two objects are unequal according to the
equals(Object) method, there's no requirement
about hashcode().
• If calling hashcode() on two objects produce
different integer result, then both of them
must be unequal according to the equals(Object).
List
• List is an interface with ArrayList, Vector and LinkedList
as concrete implementations.
• List hold objects based on the insertion order and are
non unique.
• Vector is deprecated
• Depending on the requirement ArrayList or LinkedList
is used.
• Arraylist is used when more retrievals and less
removals
• Linkedlist is used when more removals and less
retrievals
List example
class mylist{
public static void main(String args[]){
List l = new ArrayList();
Object o = new Object();
l.add(o);// add o to list
Object x =(Object)l.get(0); // get the object in 0 position
System.out.println(l.size()); // Print the size
}
}
• This example creates an arrayList and adds an object ‘o’ to it.
• We get the object back and print the size of the list.
• Calling the get method does not remove the object from the list.
• You can use a list when the ordering is of prime importance.
Set
• A set interface has concrete implementation of
HashSet, LinkedHashSet and TreeSet.
• The HashSet holds objects in no specific order (random
order) and holds a unique set of objects.
• There is no get method in the Set interface. You will
need to iterate over the set to get your object.
• Hence Set is used only as a collection of objects.
• A TreeSet stores objects in a sorted order. Every object
to be inserted in the TreeSet has to implement the
Comparable or Comparator interface else would result
in a classcastexception.
Set example
class mysetExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
Set myset = new HashSet(); // create a hashset
Object o = new Object(); // create an object
boolean add = myset.add(o); // add object
boolean addagain myset.add(o); // add object again
Iterator iter = myset.iterator(); // extract the iterator
while(iter.hasNext()){
Object o = (Object)iter.next(); // Iterate over the collection
}
}
}

• In this example we are creating a hashset and adding an object to it.


• The value of add will be true and the value of addagain will be false as the same object is already
available in the set
• The iterator iterates over all the available objects in the set
• The equality of the objects is bounded by the equals(Object) and the hashcode() contract.
Map
• The Map Interface has two concrete implementations of
HashMap, LinkedHashMap, TreeMap and Hashtable.
• The Map takes in a key and value pair as input for storage.
• The value can be retrieved if the key is known.
• The Map does not maintain order and should have unique
keys.
• This is an efficient use as the complexity is O(1).
• Hashtable is a synchronized version of HashMap.
ConcurrentHashMap is used as a substitute to Hashtable
• TreeMap stores key, values in the sorted order based on
custom ordering
Map
Class myMap{
public static void main(String args[]){
Map maps = new HashMap();
Object o = new Object();
maps.put(“myobj”,o);
Object o = (Object) maps.get(“myobj”);
}
}
• In this example we are creating a HashMap() and adding an object
with key as myobj and value as the object.
• We can retrieve the object using the key and the get method.
• If you override the hashcode and equals method, then pay special
attention to the contract else the implementations can lead to
weird results
Further Reading
• http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/collecti
ons/interfaces/index.html
• http://java.sun.com/developer/
onlineTraining/collections/Collection.html

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