Introduction To Databases
Introduction To Databases
Agenda
• Drawbacks of file system
• Characteristics of databases
Initially used File System
• File system was invented to provide permanent storage to data.
• Same types of data can be collected together and stored in a file and this file can be stored in secondary
memory.
• Since a file was supposed to carry some type of information, while saving it with a particular name its name is
succeeded by an appropriate extension.
• So by looking at file name you can find out which type of information is stored in it.
• In this method we access each record sequentially only i.e. any record numbered as “I” can be accessed only
after accessing all records before “I”.
Direct Access
Indexed Access
• It creates an index which contains a key field and pointers to related blocks.
Drawbacks of File System
• Since one file can have only one extension so one file can store only one type of data (information).
• Before accessing files you need meta data of file (file_name, location etc.).
• Many classes and functions of various programing languages support only databases not files.
• Drawbacks of file system – only one type of data, selective access not allowed, limited operations, weak security
• Characteristics of databases – modeling, conversion from one form to another form and abstraction
Thank You
Introduction to Databases and Data Models
Agenda
• Introduction to Database Management System
• The software system which we use to manage (perform operations) bulk of data is called Database Management
System.
• Advantages:
• High security
• It decides the linkage between all three tiers (levels) of database architecture.
Types of Data Model
OODBMS
• Data is stored in the form of classes and objects.
• Data values are bound with each field defined in the class with the object created for that class.
• After binding values those values are stored permanently in the memory.
• Firebase of Android is a great example of OODBMS.
Hierarchal Data Model
• Here information is shared among systems in the form of parent and child relationship.
• Each parent system can share information only to those machines which are dedicated child to this
machine.
• So information (data) transfer is in one to many form.
Network Data Model
• The major difference in this one and hierarchal is that, here communication is many to many i.e. a
machine is not bound to access data only from one parent rather it can have data from all parents
based on its requirements.
Types of Data Model
Relational Database Management System (Data Model)
• Each table contains rows and columns which are called ‘tuples’ and ‘attributes’ respectively.
• Each row of table contains information of one entity (object for which data table is created).
• Attribute – Each column is called Attribute. Each column contains value of one attribute for all entities.
Book
Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Attribute 3
• Applications of databases
What is Data Processing and Its Types?
Definition and Steps
• Process of converting raw facts into a useful information is called Data Processing.
• Steps of Data Processing:
⮚ Data Collection (from a valid source)
⮚ Data Preparation (sort, grouping of data etc.)
⮚ Input (Data is input to some tools for further processing)
⮚ Processing (An algorithm is implemented on input data)
⮚ Output (Getting final results)
• Types of Data Processing:
Manual Processing
Mechanical Processing
Electronic Processing
Applications of Databases
• Websites
• Mobile Apps
• Standalone Systems
• Embedded System
• Video Games
• E-Commerce
• Monetary Transactions
• Foreign Exchange