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CSC 111 Lecture 1

The document discusses an introduction to computers lecture. It covers topics like the history of computers from early counting devices to modern computers, computer components, the definition of key computer science terms, and advantages and limitations of computers.

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34 views14 pages

CSC 111 Lecture 1

The document discusses an introduction to computers lecture. It covers topics like the history of computers from early counting devices to modern computers, computer components, the definition of key computer science terms, and advantages and limitations of computers.

Uploaded by

mosesmichelle295
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COS/CSC 101/111

LECTURE 1
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTERS

DR. ZUBAIR ADAM


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY OF SCIENCE 1
LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY
OVERVIEW

 Introduction to & History of Computer


 Basic Computer Configuration
 Hardware (Input, Storage and Output Devices)
 Software (Operating System, Application Software, etc.)
 Internet
 Using personal computers as effective problem-solving tools for the
present and future.​
 Computer application areas and technological trends.​
2
COMPUTER AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

 What is a Computer?
 A computer is a programmable electronic device that can perform activities that involve Mathematical, Logical and
graphical manipulations.
 A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.​
 Computer is any electronic device which aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations.
 Fundamental operations sequence in a computer.
 It receives data & instructions from the input device.
 Processes the data as per instructions.
 Provides the result (output) in a desired form.
 What is Computer Science?
 Computer science, the study of computers and computing, including their theoretical and algorithmic foundations,
hardware and software, and their uses for processing information.​ 3
Data, Information and Instructions.

 Data : It is the collection of raw facts, figures & symbols.


 Ex : Names of students and their marks in different subjects listed in random order.
 Information : It is the data that is processed & presented in an organized manner.
 Ex : When the names of students are arranged in alphabetical order, total and
average marks are calculated & presented in a tabular form, it is information.
 Program : Set of instructions that enables a computer to perform a given task.

4
History of Computer

 Originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was


computers.
 These human computers were typically engaged in the calculation of a
mathematical expression.
 The calculations of this period were specialized and expensive,
requiring years of training in mathematics.
 The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to
a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word
continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century.
5
History of
Computer
Tally Sticks

 Tally Sticks A tally stick


was an ancient memory aid
device to record and
document numbers,
quantities, or even
messages.

6
History of
Computer
Abacus

 An abacus is a mechanical
device used to aid an
individual in performing
mathematical calculations.

7
History of Computer
Napier’s Bones

 Invented by John Napier in


1614.
 Allowed the operator to
multiply, divide and
calculate square and cube
roots by moving the rods
around and placing them in
specially constructed
boards.

8
Assignment

 Write a short note on the following device stating


their year of invention and uses respectively.
 Slide Rule
 Pascaline
 Stepped Reckoner
 Jacquard Loom
 Arithmometer
 Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

9
Discussion
Impact of
Computers
on the
Society.

10
Discussion
Computers
Vs Humans

11
Advantages of computers

 High speed : Computers have the ability to perform routine tasks at a greater speed than human beings. They
can perform millions of calculations in seconds.
 Accuracy : Computers are used to perform tasks in a way that ensures accuracy.
 Storage : Computers can store large amount of information. Any item of data or any instruction stored in the
memory can be retrieved by the computer at lightning speeds.
 Automation : Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically (which increases the
productivity).
 Diligence : Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same accuracy without getting tired.
 Versatility : Computers are flexible to perform both simple and complex tasks.
 Cost effectiveness : Computers reduce the amount of paper work and human effort, thereby reducing costs.
12
Limitation of Computers

 Computers need clear & complete instructions to perform a task


accurately. If the instructions are not clear & complete, the computer
will not produce the required result.
 Computers cannot think.
 Computers cannot learn by experience.

13
History of Computer
Generations of computers
S/N Generation Component Used

1 First Generation (1946-1954 ) Vacuum tubes

2 Second Generation (1955-1965) Transistors

3 Third Generation (1968-1975 ) Integrated Circuits (IC)

4 Fourth Generation ( 1976-1980) Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI)

5 Fifth Generation (1980 – till today ) Ultra Scale Integrated Circuits (ULSI) Micro
Processor (SILICON CHIP)
14

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