Infant

Stone and church
classification of
child development
Presented by
D.isai
Age distribution
Infant- 15 months
Toddler- 15 months to 2 years
Preschooler- 2 to 6 years
Middle years child- 6 to 11 years
Adolescent- 11 to 18 years
INFANT
• The 15 month period of infancy corresponds to
the oral stage of freud, the stage of trust vs
mistrust of erikson and sensorimotor period of
plaget
• This is the period in which the baby learns about
the world it is placed, whether it is good and
acceptable place or a locus of hurt
• The baby advances from relative helplessness to
a positive ambulatory toddler
• At about 6 months of age, the infant begins
teething and chews on anything that is in close
proximity to them and minor illness may begin to
appear as maternal antibody protection starts
disappearing
• The first form of fear, referred to as stranger
anxiety (to persons outside the accustomed
environment) is seen. Another source of anxiety
for the infant is due to the concept of trust vs
mistrust. The mistrust when the infant's needs
are not adequately met, leads to
fear and distrust.
Toddler
This stage represents 15 months to 2 years of age.
Toddler is still very much a little one, taking one or two naps daily and
yet is developing un-baby like skills
rapidly developing in cognitive and verbal skills and also in self-

awareness. Cooperative behavior and reasoning power are not
observed.
The child is capable of perceiving why dental measures need to be

accomplished or realizing the need for cooperative behavior in the
dental office.
Toddler is a child developing and growing in knowledge and motor skills

but still is an immature individual.
PRESCHOOLER
• Children of 2 to 6 years of age or the preschoolers show their 'personality'
whose behavior pattern is easily observed. Their behavior is influenced and
shaped to a considerable extent by their immediate environment.
• They are more skilled in the usage of words and symbols and more effective
in interpersonal communication.
• They expand their circle to people outside their family. Belligerence and
kindness co-exist with them.
• They expand their circle to people outside the family. Aggression and
sympathy coexist with them.
• They adapt the behavior of familiar individuals like parents and other family
members in facial expressions, mannerisms and gestures and also
communication. Fantasy, pretension and storytelling by older people like
grandparents are accepted as facts.
• They create imaginary friends and circumstances.
• Their emotional conditions are often made apparent by drawings. Self-
awareness is observed and fears about real and unreal things as a result of
this are seen.
• Time frame is not workable and meaningless for preschooler below 5 years.
• They will not have logic on space, which is observed as exaggeration in
drawing. Causal relations change sequentially with the increase in overall
knowledge, intelligence and thinking.
• Then they develop more realistic thinking with time
MIDDLE YEARS CHILD
Child of 6 to 12 years age or middle years period is rather a peaceful period of time
compared to the active (hustle bustle) nature of a preschooler.
This is the time of "loose tooth" and the time for moderately rapid physical growth.
This is the time for reaching out of independent identity, peer groups and sexual growth
latency, time for getting punished when disobedient and a time for imaginary and
realistic fears.
Thinking becomes logical and reversible.
The children learn conversations and can now reflect, reason and
understand logical relationships.
• Children from age 12 to adulthood or a pause in the cycle of life as
they are no longer children but not yet adults. Early development is
marked by pubescence.
• Preadolescent period is marked by physical growth spurt, maturation
of secondary sexual characteristics and changes in body proportions.
• Girls are initially ahead of boys but boys later catching up. Sexual
maturation is marked by first menses in girls and presence of live
spermatozoa in the urine for boys.
ADOLESCE • The main characteristic of issue is the identification of child for this
new role. A change in morphological and emotional characteristics is
NT seen. Self-awareness becomes intensified and results in a new push
for independence.
• The children direct increasingly towards peer groups with less family
supervision and restraint and more privileges.
• They are concerned about peer status and independent self but still
welcome intervention into problems over which they have
questionable control.
• They want to be popular and selective about friends and things.

Infant

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Stone and church

Toddler- 15 months to 2 years

Middle years child- 6 to 11 years

This stage represents 15 months to 2 years of age.

rapidly developing in cognitive and verbal skills and also in self-

The child is capable of perceiving why dental measures need to be

Toddler is a child developing and growing in knowledge and motor skills

Thinking becomes logical and reversible.

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