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Lesson 3

The document discusses gerunds, infinitives, and the present simple tense in English grammar. It defines gerunds and their uses, the to+infinitive construction and its uses, the bare infinitive, and how to form the present simple tense positively, negatively, and in questions. It also discusses the uses of the verbs 'to be' and 'to have got'.

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Lucie Guedj
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34 views13 pages

Lesson 3

The document discusses gerunds, infinitives, and the present simple tense in English grammar. It defines gerunds and their uses, the to+infinitive construction and its uses, the bare infinitive, and how to form the present simple tense positively, negatively, and in questions. It also discusses the uses of the verbs 'to be' and 'to have got'.

Uploaded by

Lucie Guedj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 3

Gerundes and Infinitives - Present simple - to be, to have


What are we going to talk about?
■ Gerunds
■ To + Infinitive
■ Bare Infinitive
■ Present simple
■ To be
■ To have (got)
Gerunds
■ A gerund is the «ing» form of a verb
■ We use gerunds:
– After certain verbs
– After prepositions
– As the subject or object of a sentence

I enjoy singing
I drank a glass of water before leaving
Swimming is good excercise
To + infinitive
■ After certain verbs
■ After many adjectives
■ To show purpose
■ The to-infinitive is used frequently with the
adverbs too and enough to express the reasoning
behind our satisfaction or insatisfaction
He decided to leave early
It is diffucult to get up early
She asked to leave early
I came to London to study
She was too tired to work
Gerunds vs. To+ infinitive
■ Some verbs can take either the gerund or the to+ infinitive, with no change in meaning.

I prefer eating at home

I prefer to eat at home

• Other verbs can take either the gerund or the to+ infinitive but there is a big change in
meaning (to remember, to stop, to try…)
I stopped smoking
I stopped to have lunch
Bare infinitive
■ We use the bare infinitive after modal verbs
■ We use it with verbs of perception
■ We use it after the verbs make and let
■ The question word why is followed by the zero infinitive when making suggestions.

She can’t talk to you


We heard them close the door
You make me study that boring book
Why wait until tomorrow?
Present simple
■ The simple present expresses an action in the present or a fact
■ It is used for actions that take place one after another
■ It is used for actions that are set by a timetable or schedule

 We form the present simple using the infinitive form of the verb for the first and
second person singular and for the first, second and third person plural. For the
third person singular we add an «s», «es» (if the verb ends in the letters o, ss, sh, ch,
x, z) or «ies» (with verbs that end in y, preceded by a consonant)

I love you.
John misses Mary.
It worries me a lot.
Present simple in negations
■ Negative sentences and questions are formed with the auxiliary verb «do»

I do not + verb
You do not + verb I do not love you.
He/she/it does not + verb
He doesn’t clean the house.
We do not + verb
They don’t watch TV.
You do not + verb
They do not + verb
Do you tidy your room every day?

Do/does + subject + verb Does John work in a bank?

Don’t/Doesn’t + subject + verb Don’t they live in London?


Don’t you know about that?
To be
■ The verb «to be» is a stative verb and it is used to indicate the existence of
something or a condition, both permanent and temporary.

I am a woman
Are you ready? Yes, I am
You are You’re not are you?
John is a good student
They are not tired
We aren’t at work
It’s Monday. It’s 3rd June.
Positive

To have got

We use «have got» to talk about:


• Thing we own or posses
• Family and relationships
Negative
• physical characteristics

I’ ve got a lot of friends


John has got four siblings
She hasn’t got any money
Have they got any relatives in England? Question?
Have/has + subject + got
Have got vs. Have
■ «Have got» and «have» have the same meaning.
■ Have got is more informal.
■ The verb have can have different meanings.
■ Have is one of three auxiliary verbs in English (be, do and have).
■ Have needs the auxiliary verb do/does in negative sentences and questions.
HOMEWORK!
• English for Everyone Grammar Guide Practice Book pages 8 to 15
• Upstream Beginner A1+ Student's Book page 122, page 123 (exercise 1)
and page 124
CONTACT ME:

Laura Montalbano

[email protected]

Skype: laura.montalbano25

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