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    Element 9

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    King Khan

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    Element 9

    Uploaded by

    King Khan
    29 views37 pages

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    Copyright:

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    29 views37 pages

    Element 9

    Uploaded by

    King Khan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 37

    NEBOSH International General Certificate

    in Occupational Safety and Health


    Unit IG2

    Element 9: Work Equipment

    © RRC International
    LearnLearning Objectivesing Objectives
    • Describe general requirements for work equipment.
    • Explain the hazards and controls for hand-held tools.
    • Describe the main mechanical and non-mechanical
    hazards of machinery.
    • Explain the main control measures for reducing risk from
    machinery hazards.
    9.1 General Requirements for Work
    Equipment
    Types of Work Equipment

    • Simple hand tools.


    • Hand-held power tools.
    • Single machines.
    • Mobile work equipment.
    • Machine assemblies.
    Preventing Access to Dangerous Parts of Machinery
    Access to dangerous parts is prevented or movement of
    dangerous parts is stopped:
    • fixed guards,
    • other guards and protection devices,
    • protection appliances,
    • information, instruction, training and supervision,
    to the extent that it is practicable.
    Maintenance Requirements
    Maintenance regimes:

    • Planned preventive maintenance:


    ‒ E.g. car engine oil change.
    ‒ Scheduled at regular intervals.
    • Condition-based maintenance:
    ‒ E.g. vehicle brake pads.
    ‒ Following routine inspection.
    • Breakdown maintenance:
    ‒ Emergency repairs.
    Group Exercise
    Maintenance is often seen as a ‘high-risk’ activity.

    What is it about maintenance work that increases


    the risk?
    9.2 Hand Tools and Portable Power Tools
    Hazards and Controls for Hand Tools
    Include:
    • Hammer.
    • Chisel.
    • Screwdriver.
    • Axe.
    Hazards and Controls for Hand Tools
    Hazards:

    • Tool may shatter.


    • Handle may come loose.
    • Tool may be blunt requiring excessive
    force.
    • Human error, e.g. hit thumb with
    hammer.
    • Misuse, e.g. wrong tool for job.
    Hazards and Controls for Hand Tools
    Controls:

    • Tools suitable for the task and environment of use.

    • Information, instruction and training.

    • Visual inspection of tools.

    • Substandard tools repaired or discarded.

    • Maintenance of tools.

    • Supervision of practices.
    Hazards and Controls for Portable Power Tools
    Higher risk because:
    • Forces are greater, meaning potential for very severe injury.
    • Additional hazards present, such as:
    ‒ Electricity.
    ‒ Petrol.
    ‒ Noise.
    ‒ Vibration.
    ‒ Dust.
    ‒ Ejected material.
    ‒ Trip hazards.
    Hazards and Controls for Portable Power Tools
    Requirements of safe practice:

    • Tools used within design specification (e.g. disc speeds).


    • Guards and safety devices in place.
    • PPE used.
    • Power cables controlled.
    • Ejected parts controlled, e.g. secured work area.
    • Control of any noise, dust, vibration.
    • Safe storage and handling of fuel (e.g. petrol).
    • Inspection and testing of electrical equipment.
    Element 9.3

    9.3 Machinery Hazards


    Mechanical and Non-Mechanical Hazards
    Mechanical hazards:
    • Contact with or being caught up by moving parts.

    Non-mechanical hazards:
    • From power source or things being emitted by the
    machine.
    Non-Mechanical Hazards

    • Electricity.
    • Noise.
    • Vibration.
    • Hazardous substances.
    • Ionising radiation.
    • Non-ionising radiation.
    • Extreme temperatures.
    • Ergonomics.
    • Slips, trips and falls.
    • Fire and explosion.
    Mechanical Hazards
    • Crushing.
    • Shearing.
    • Cutting or severing.
    • Entanglement.
    • Drawing in or trapping.
    • Impact.
    • Stabbing or puncture.
    • Friction or abrasion.
    • High-pressure fluid injection.
    Mechanical Hazards
    Crushing
    Mechanical Hazards
    Shearing
    Mechanical Hazards
    Cutting or
    Severing
    Mechanical Hazards
    Entanglement
    Mechanical Hazards
    Drawing in or Trapping
    Mechanical Hazards
    Impact
    Mechanical Hazards
    Stabbing or Puncture
    Mechanical Hazards
    Friction or Abrasion
    Group Exercise
    What are the non-mechanical hazards which are
    associated with machinery?
    End of Module 9.3 Exercise

    1. Identify the mechanical


    hazards.

    2. Identify the non-mechanical


    hazards.
    9.4 Control Measures for Machinery
    Hazards
    Machinery Safeguarding Methods
    Types of machinery guards:
    Fixed.
    Interlocked.
    Adjustable/self adjusting.
    Trip.
    Fixed Guards
    • Completely prevent access to
    dangerous parts of
    machinery.
    • Are fixed in place.
    • Require a tool for removal:
    ‒ Limitation.
    Interlocked Guards
    Guard open:
    • Power to the machine is disabled when the guard is open
    and it will not operate until the guard is in place.
    Guard closed:
    • the guard is locked shut until the machine has returned to
    a safe condition; or
    • the act of opening the guard stops the dangerous parts of
    the machinery and disables power.
    Adjustable and Self-Adjusting Guards
    Used when it is not possible to prevent
    access to dangerous parts.
    Adjustable guard:
    • Set manually to a range of positions by
    the operator.
    Self-adjusting guard:
    • Usually spring-loaded to adjust itself
    to the workpiece.
    • Requires no adjustment by the
    operator.
    Sensitive Protective Equipment
    (Trip Devices)
    • Not a physical barrier.

    • Use sensors to detect presence


    of operator and stop the
    machine.

    • They include:
    ‒ Pressure mats.
    ‒ Trip bars.
    ‒ Photoelectric devices.

    • Limitations?
    Two-Hand Controls
    Designed to protect the operator's
    hands:
    • Controls should be more than a hand
    span apart.
    • Must activate at the same time.

    • Releasing controls must stop the


    machine immediately.
    • Limitations?
    Emergency Stop Controls
    • Should bring the machine to a safe stop as quickly as
    possible.
    • Machine can only be restarted using the reset button.
    • Release of the button should not restart the machine.
    • Limitations?
    Protective Appliances
    Designed to keep operators’ hands away from danger.
    Include:
    • Push-sticks.
    • Clamps.
    SummarySummary
    In this element, we have:
    • Described some of the basic management issues that must be considered when
    introducing work equipment.
    • Outlined the hazards and precautions associated with simple hand tools and
    portable power tools.
    • Explained the mechanical and non-mechanical hazards of machinery.
    • Explained the basic characteristics of fixed guards, adjustable and self-adjusting
    guards, and interlocked guards.
    • Explained the characteristics of trip devices, two-hand controls, protective
    appliances and emergency stops.
    • Outlined the basic requirements of guards and safety devices.
    • Described the hazards associated with bench-top grinders, pedestal drills,
    cylinder mowers, strimmers, chainsaws, compactors, cement mixers and bench-
    mounted circular saws.
    • Identified the types of guard and other protection measures to ensure safety in
    the use of bench-top grinders, pedestal drills, cylinder mowers, strimmers,
    chainsaws, compactors, cement mixers and bench-mounted circular saws.

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