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CELL STRUCTURE Lecture 2

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25 views12 pages

CELL STRUCTURE Lecture 2

Uploaded by

fmukuka12
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL STRUCTURE

Lecture 2

Ginnethon Shandele

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Recall
Recall
Recall
The Cytoplasm
O All of the material within a cell, enclosed by
the membrane except the cell nucleus.

O The cytoplasm is made up of the cytosol and


organelles.

O What are some of the important roles of the


cytoplasm
Nucleus
O Control center of cell
O Double membrane
O Contains ;Chromosomes, Nucleolus

O What are some of the activities controlled by


the nucleus?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
O Helps transport materials within the cell.

O We have smooth ER and rough ER

O How do the two differ in function?


Golgi Apparatus
What do you know about Golgi apparatus?

O The Golgi apparatus is responsible for


transporting, modifying, and packaging
proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to
targeted destinations. It is located in the
cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum
and near the cell nucleus.
Lysozomes

O Contain digestive enzymes


O Lysozymes are hydrolytic enzymes,
characterized by their ability to cleave the
beta-(1,4)-glycosidic bond between N-
acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine
in peptidoglycan, the major bacterial cell wall
polymer.
Mitochondria
O The powerhouse of the cell.
O The mitochondrion is the site of ATP
synthesis for the cell.
O The number of mitochondria found in a cell
are therefore a good indicator of the cell’s rate
of metabolic activity; cells which are very
metabolically active, such as hepatocytes, will
have many mitochondria.
Ribosomes
O The process of decoding the information in
messenger RNA and forming continuous
chains of amino acids to form proteins — is
carried out by ribosomes.
O Ribosomes occur both as free particles in
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and as
particles attached to the membranes of the
endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
O The ER is the largest organelle in the cell and
is a major site of protein synthesis and
transport, protein folding, lipid and steroid
synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and
calcium storage .
O The multi-functional nature of this organelle
requires a myriad of proteins, unique physical
structures and coordination with and response
to changes in the intracellular environment.

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