Java Socket Programming

Java Sockets Programming

 The package java.net provides support for
sockets programming (and more).

 Typically you import everything defined in

this package with:

import java.net.*;

Java Socket Programming 2

Classes
InetAddress

Socket

ServerSocket

DatagramSocket

DatagramPacket

Java Socket Programming 3

InetAddress class
 static methods you can use to create new
InetAddress objects.
 getByName(String host)
 getAllByName(String host)
 getLocalHost()

InetAddress x = InetAddress.getByName(
“localhost”);
 Throws UnknownHostException

Java Socket Programming 4

try
try {{

InetAddress
InetAddress aa == InetAddress.getByName(hostname);
InetAddress.getByName(hostname);

System.out.println(hostname
System.out.println(hostname ++ ":"
":" ++
a.getHostAddress());
a.getHostAddress());

}} catch
catch (UnknownHostException
(UnknownHostException e)
e) {{

System.out.println("No
System.out.println("No address
address found
found for
for "" ++
hostname);
hostname);

}}

Java Socket Programming

Socket class
 Corresponds to active TCP sockets only!
 client sockets
 socket returned by accept();

 Passive sockets are supported by a different

class:
 ServerSocket

 UDP sockets are supported by

 DatagramSocket

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 JAVA TCP Sockets
 java.net.Socket
 Implements client sockets (also called just “sockets”).
 An endpoint for communication between two machines.
 Constructor and Methods
• Socket(String host, int port): Creates a stream socket
and connects it to the specified port number on the
named host.
• InputStream - getInputStream()
• OutputStream - getOutputStream()
• close()

Java Socket Programming 7

JAVA TCP Sockets
 java.net.ServerSocket
 Implements server sockets.
 Waits for requests to come in over the
network.
 Performs some operation based on the
request.
 Constructor and Methods
• ServerSocket(int port)
• Socket Accept(): Listens for a connection to
be made to this socket and accepts it. This
method blocks until a connection is made.
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Sockets

Client socket, welcoming socket (passive) and connection socket (active)

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Three way handshake

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Socket Constructors
 Constructor creates a TCP connection to a
named TCP server.
 There are a number of constructors:

Socket(InetAddress server, int port);

Socket(InetAddress server, int port,

InetAddress local, int
localport);

Socket(String hostname, int port);

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Socket Methods
void close();
InetAddress getInetAddress();
InetAddress getLocalAddress();
InputStream getInputStream();
OutputStream getOutputStream();

 Lots more (setting/getting socket options,

partial close, etc.)

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Socket I/O
 Socket I/O is based on the Java I/O support
 in the package java.io

 InputStream and OutputStream are abstract

classes
 common operations defined for all kinds of
InputStreams, OutputStreams…

Java Socket Programming 13

ServerSocket Class
(TCP Passive Socket)
 Constructors:

ServerSocket(int port);

ServerSocket(int port, int backlog);

ServerSocket(int port, int backlog,

InetAddress bindAddr);

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 ServerSocket Methods
Socket accept();

void close();

InetAddress getInetAddress();

int getLocalPort();

throw IOException, SecurityException

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 Socket programming with TCP
keyboard monitor

Example client-server app:

 client reads line from standard

inFromUser
input
input (inFromUser stream) , stream

sends to server via socket Client

Process Input stream:
(outToServer stream) process sequence of bytes
 server reads line from socket output stream: into process
 server converts line to sequence of bytes
uppercase, sends back to client out of process

inFromServer
 client reads, prints modified

outToServer
output input
stream stream
line from socket
(inFromServer stream) client TCP
clientSocket
socket TCP
socket

to network from network

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Client/server socket interaction: TCP
Server (running on hostid) Client
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()

TCP create socket,

wait for incoming
connection request connection setup connect to hostid, port=x
connectionSocket = clientSocket =
welcomeSocket.accept() Socket()

send request using

read request from clientSocket
connectionSocket

write reply to
connectionSocket read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket close
clientSocket
Java Socket Programming 17
 TCPClient.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class TCPClient {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String sentence;
String modifiedSentence;

BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789);

DataOutputStream outToServer =
new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());
TCPClient.java
BufferedReader inFromServer =
new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));

sentence = inFromUser.readLine();

outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n');

modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine();

System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence);

clientSocket.close();
}
}

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 TCPServer.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPServer {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String clientSentence;
String capitalizedSentence;

ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new

ServerSocket(6789);

while(true) {

Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept();

BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new

InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));
 TCPServer.java

DataOutputStream outToClient =
new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());

clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();

capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n';

outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence);

}
}
}

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UDP Sockets
 DatagramSocket class

 DatagramPacket class needed to specify the

payload
 incoming or outgoing

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Socket Programming with UDP
 UDP
 Connectionless and unreliable service.
 There isn’t an initial handshaking phase.
 Doesn’t have a pipe.
 transmitted data may be received out of order, or lost

 Socket Programming with UDP

 No need for a welcoming socket.
 No streams are attached to the sockets.
 the sending hosts creates “packets” by attaching the destination IP
address and port number to each batch of bytes.
 The receiving process must unravel to received packet to obtain the
packet’s information bytes.

Java Socket Programming 23

JAVA UDP Sockets
 In Package java.net
 java.net.DatagramSocket
• A socket for sending and receiving datagram packets.
• Constructor and Methods
– DatagramSocket(int port): Constructs a datagram
socket and binds it to the specified port on the local
host machine.
– void receive( DatagramPacket p)
– void send( DatagramPacket p)
– void close()

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DatagramSocket Constructors
DatagramSocket();

DatagramSocket(int port);

DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress a);

All can throw SocketException or

SecurityException

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Datagram Methods
void connect(InetAddress, int port);

void close();

void receive(DatagramPacket p);

void send(DatagramPacket p);

Lots more!

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Datagram Packet
 Contain the payload
 (a byte array

 Can also be used to specify the destination

address
 when not using connected mode UDP

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DatagramPacket Constructors
For receiving:

DatagramPacket( byte[] buf, int len);

For sending:

DatagramPacket( byte[] buf, int len

InetAddress a, int
port);

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DatagramPacket methods
byte[] getData();
void setData(byte[] buf);

void setAddress(InetAddress a);

void setPort(int port);

InetAddress getAddress();
int getPort();

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Example: Java client (UDP)
keyboard monitor

inFromUser
input
stream

Client
Process
Input: receives
process
packet (TCP
received “byte
Output: sends
stream”)
packet (TCP sent

receivePacket
sendPacket
“byte stream”) UDP UDP
packet packet

client UDP
clientSocket
socket UDP
socket

to network from network

Java Socket Programming 30

Client/server socket interaction: UDP
Server (running on hostid) Client

create socket, create socket,

port=x, for clientSocket =
incoming request: DatagramSocket()
serverSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Create, address (hostid, port=x,
send datagram request
using clientSocket
read request from
serverSocket

write reply to
serverSocket
specifying client read reply from
host address, clientSocket
port umber close
clientSocket

Java Socket Programming 31

UDPClient.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class UDPClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress IPAddress =
InetAddress.getByName("hostname");
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
String sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
sendData = sentence.getBytes();
UDPClient.java
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length,
IPAddress, 9876);
clientSocket.send(sendPacket);
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);
String modifiedSentence =
new String(receivePacket.getData());
System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence);

clientSocket.close();
}
}

Java Socket Programming 33

 UDPServer.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class UDPServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
DatagramSocket serverSocket = new
DatagramSocket(9876);
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
while(true)
{
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);
String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData());
 UDPServer.java

InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();

int port = receivePacket.getPort();
String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase();
sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes();
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, port);
serverSocket.send(sendPacket);

}
}
}

Java Socket Programming 35