Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune
Department of Information Technology
Internet And Web Technology
Seminar on
Domain Name System
Submitted by : Guided by :
Husam K Salih Prof: Lalit V Kulkarni
Roll No. : 506015
M.E. 2nd Semester, I.T.
MIT, Pune
Outline
Introduction of DNS
Components of DNS
How DNS Works
Introduction
On the Internet, the Domain Name System (DNS)
associates various sorts of information with
domain names
Serves as the "phone book" for the Internet
Translates human-readable computer hostnames into
IP addresses
Required by networking equipment to delivering information
Also stores other information
Such as the list of mail exchange servers that accept email for a
given domain.
The Domain Name System is an essential component
of the modern Internet.
Introduction
1. What is the IP
address of
google.com ?
It is 74.125.224.72
1. What is the
host name of
69.147.76.15
It is yahoo.com
Introduction
Why is DNS important?
DNS is like a phone book for the Internet. If you know a person’s
name but don’t know their telephone number, you can simply look
it up in a phone book. DNS provides this same service to the
Internet.
When you visit http://google.com in a browser, your computer uses
DNS to retrieve the website’s IP address of 74.125.224.72.
Without DNS, you would only be able to visit any website by visiting
its IP address directly, such as http://74.125.224.72.
Introduction
The key features of host name to IP mapping are as follows:
Mappings of addresses to names and vice versa (known as
records) are stored in a database.
The DNS database is distributed.
A DNS database also stores additional records.
Components of DNS
There are 3 components:
Name Space:
Specifications for a structured name space and data
associated with the names
7
Components of DNS
Resolvers:
Client programs that extract information from
Name Servers.
Query
Response
Resolver Name Server
Components of DNS
Name Servers:
Server programs which hold information about
the structure and the names.
How DNS Works
The domain name space consists of a tree of
domain names.
Each node or leaf in the tree has one or more
resource records, which hold information associated
with the domain name.
The tree sub-divides into zones.
A zone consists of a collection of connected nodes
authoritatively served by an authoritative DNS
nameserver.
How DNS Works
A domain name usually consists of two or more
parts (labels), separated by dots
Example: Google.com.
The rightmost label conveys the top-level domain
Each label to the left specifies a subdivision or
subdomain of the domain above it.
Note that "subdomain" expresses relative dependence, not
absolute dependence:
Google.com comprises a subdomain of the com domain
How DNS Works
Step 1: Request information: The first place your computer looks is its local
DNS cache, which stores information that your computer has recently
retrieved.
Step 2: Ask the recursive DNS servers: If the information is not stored
locally, your computer queries (contacts) your ISP’s recursive DNS servers
Step 3: Ask the root nameservers: If the recursive servers don’t have the
answer, they query the root nameservers. A nameserver is a computer that
answers questions about domain names, such as IP addresses.
How DNS Works
Step 4: Ask the TLD nameservers: The root nameservers will look at the
first part of our request, reading from right to left — www.google.com —
and direct our query to the Top-Level Domain (TLD) nameservers for .com
Step 5: Ask the authoritative DNS servers: These authoritative
nameservers The TLD nameservers review the next part of our request
www.google.com and direct our query to the nameservers responsible for
knowing all the information about a specific domain, which are stored
in DNS records.
How DNS Works
Step 6: Retrieve the record: The recursive server retrieves the A record
for dyn.com from the authoritative nameservers and stores the record in its
local cache. If anyone else requests the host record for dyn.com, the
recursive servers will already have the answer and will not need to go
through the lookup process again.
Step 7: Receive the answer: recursive server returns the A record back to
your computer. Your computer stores the record in its cache, reads the IP
address from the record, then passes this information to your browser. The
browser then opens a connection to the webserver and receives the
website.
THANK YOU
