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    Acids, Bases

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    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It explains what pH is and how the pH scale works. It describes common pH indicators and their colors in acidic and basic solutions. It also covers the properties and reactions of acids, bases, alkalis, amphoteric oxides, and neutralization reactions between acids and bases.

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    Acids, Bases

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    21605
    5 views23 pages
    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It explains what pH is and how the pH scale works. It describes common pH indicators and their colors in acidic and basic solutions. It also covers the properties and reactions of acids, bases, alkalis, amphoteric oxides, and neutralization reactions between acids and bases.

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    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It explains what pH is and how the pH scale works. It describes common pH indicators and their colors in acidic and basic solutions. It also covers the properties and reactions of acids, bases, alkalis, amphoteric oxides, and neutralization reactions between acids and bases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views23 pages

    Acids, Bases

    Uploaded by

    21605
    The document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It explains what pH is and how the pH scale works. It describes common pH indicators and their colors in acidic and basic solutions. It also covers the properties and reactions of acids, bases, alkalis, amphoteric oxides, and neutralization reactions between acids and bases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Acids, Bases

    &
    Salts
    CHEMISTRY 0620
    pH scale

    • pH is the concentration of H+ ions per dm3 of solution


    • Lower pH  more acidic
    • Higher pH  more basic

    • The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that each change of 1 on the scale represents a change in concentration by a factor of 10

    • Therefore an acid with a pH of 3 has ten times the concentration of H+ ions than an acid of pH 4

    • An acid with a pH of 2 has 10 x 10 = 100 times the concentration of H + ions than an acid with a pH of 4
    pH Indicators

    Substance that changes colour when added to acidic or basic solution


    e.g. litmus, thymolphthalein, methyl orange
    1. Litmus
    2. Thymolphthalein
    3. Methyl orange

    Universal Indicator
     Mixture of indicators that give different colours in solutions of different pH
     It is used to determine the pH of a substance by matching the color change to the pH
    color chart.
    Acids

    • Proton donors
    • Produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
    HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
     Indicators
    • pH between 1 (strong) and 6 (weak)
    • Turns blue litmus red
    • Turns methyl orange indicator red
    • Colorless in thymolphthalein
    • Colorless in phenolphthalein
    Comparing Acids

    Strong acids Weak acids


     Completely dissociate in aqueous  Partially dissociate in aqueous
    solution producing lots of H+ ions solution producing few H+ ions
     Very low pH  Closer to pH 7
     Mostly mineral acids e.g:  Mostly organic acids e.g:

    HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)
    Chemical Properties of Acids

    • Displacement reaction
    • Metals above hydrogen give this reaction
    • Neutralization reaction
    Proton Transfer
    Bases

    • Proton acceptors
    • Soluble bases are called alkalis
    • When alkalis are added to water, they give negative hydroxide ions (OH –)
    • Bases include alkalis, and insoluble metal oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates.
    NaOH (s) → Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
    Indicators
    • Have pH between 8 (weak) and 14 (strong)
    • Turns red litmus blue
    • Turns methyl orange indicator yellow
    • Turns Blue in Thymolphthalein
    • Turns pink in phenolphthalein
    Comparing Alkalis

    Strong alkalis Weak alkalis


     Alkalis which ionize to a large extent in dilute  Alkalis which ionize poorly in dilute aqueous
    aqueous solution and release hydroxide ions in solution and release hydroxide ions in a small
    a large number are called strong alkalis. number are called weak alkalis
    NaOH, KOH NH3 solution, CH3NH2 (methylamine)
    Chemical Properties of Bases

    Acid + Base → Salt + Water


    • Neutralization reaction
    Reaction with Ammonium Salts

    Base + ammonium salt → salt + ammonia gas + water

    • This reaction is used as a chemical test to confirm the presence of the ammonium ion (NH 4+)
    • Alkali is added to the substance with gentle warming followed by the test for ammonia gas using damp red
    litmus paper
    • The damp litmus paper will turn from red to blue if ammonia is present
    Neutralisation Reaction

    A chemical reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water only.
    Ionic Equation: H+ + OH-  H2O
    Neutralisation with insoluble base
    How to write Ionic
    Equation?

    1. First write down all the


    ions present in the equation
    2. Now cross out any ions
    that appear, unchanged, on
    both sides of the equation
    3. What’s left is the ionic
    equation for the reaction
    Oxides

     Metal oxides are basic in nature e.g. Copper oxide and Calcium oxide, will neutralize acids

     Non-metal oxides are acidic in nature e.g. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, will turn litmus paper
    red and neutralize bases

     Aluminum, zinc form amphoteric oxides e.g. zinc oxide that react with both acids and bases to
    produce salt and water

     Oxides that react with neither acids nor bases are neutral e.g. nitrous monoxide and carbon
    monoxide
    Reactions of Amphoteric Oxides

    Behaving as a base
    Reactions of Amphoteric Oxides

    Behaving as an acid

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