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Unit 1 Variables

A variable is a container that holds a value during program execution. Variables must be declared with a data type before use and can have their value changed during runtime. There are different types of variables based on their scope, such as local, instance, and class variables.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views

Unit 1 Variables

A variable is a container that holds a value during program execution. Variables must be declared with a data type before use and can have their value changed during runtime. There are different types of variables based on their scope, such as local, instance, and class variables.

Uploaded by

Sheryl Viniba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variable

● A variable is a container which holds the value while the Java


Program is executed
● A variable is assigned with a data type
● Variable is a name of memory location
● It is the basic unit of storage in a program
● The value stored in a variable can be changed during program
execution.
● In Java, all the variables must be declared before use
● Also called as identifiers
● It can be used as class name, method name, interface name
and package name
Declaring a variable

Syntax
default
private
public Name of the
protected variable

Access-modifier data-type variable_name;


Access-modifier data-type variable_name=value;
Variable/Identifier naming rules

● Begin with a letter (A to Z or a to z), currency character ($) or an


underscore (_).
● After the first character, identifiers can have any combination of
characters
● A keyword cannot be used as an identifier
● Most importantly, identifiers are case sensitive
● Examples of legal identifiers: age, $salary, _value, _ _1_value
● Examples of illegal identifiers: 123abc, -salary
Example of variable declaration and initialization

int ivar; int ivar=10 ;


private double dvar; private double dvar=12.34;
public char cvar; public char cvar=’c’;
protected String svar; protected String svar=”java”;
Types of variable (based on scope)

Three types

● Local variable

● Instance variable

● Class variable
Local variable
● variable defined within a block or method or constructor is called local variable.
● Created when the block in entered or the function is called
● Destroyed after exiting from the block or when the call returns from the
function.
● Initialization of the variable is mandatory
● The scope of these variables exists only within the block in which the variable is
declared. i.e. we can access these variable only within that block .
Instance variable
● A variable declared inside the class but outside the body of the method,
is called instance variable
● Instance variables are non-static variables
● Created when an object of the class is created
● Destroyed when the object is destroyed.
● Initialization is not mandatory. Its default value is 0
● Instance Variable can be accessed only by objects
Class or Static variables
● Variable which is declared as static is called static variable.

● It cannot be local.

● Only one copy of a static variable per class

● Variables are created at the start of program execution

● Destroyed automatically when execution ends

● Initialization of static Variable is not Mandatory. Its default value is 0

● Static variable can be accessed through either with class or an object


Example public class A
{
static int m=100;//static variable
class Variable {
void method()
int amount = 100; // instance
{
variable
int n=90;//local variable
static int pin = 2315; // static variable }
public static void main(String[ ] args) { public static void main(String args[])
int age = 35; // local variable {
int data=50;//instance variable
}
}
}
}//end of class
Methods

Method statement can be

● Method declaration

● Method definition

● Method invocation/Call
Method Declaration

Syntax
default
private
public Type of input
protected Identifier
variable

access-specifier return-type methodName(data type of arguments);


Data type
Example- 1

void show();

● access-specifier – default
● return-type – void
● methodName – show
● data type of arguments – nil
Example- 2

void show(String);

● access-specifier – default
● return-type – void
● methodName – show
● data type of arguments – String
Example- 3

public int addValues(int, int);


● access-specifier – public
● return-type – int
● methodName – addValues
● data type of arguments – int, int
Method Definition

Syntax
default
private
public Declaration of
protected Data type Identifier
input variable

access-specifier return-type methodName(arguments){

method body;

}
Method example
Method example - 1

void show(){
System.out.println(“Object oriented programming”);
}
● access-specifier – default
● return-type – void
● methodName – show
● arguments – nil
Method example - 2

void show(String str){


System.out.println(str);
}
● access-specifier – default
● return-type – void
● methodName – show
● arguments – String str
Method example - 3
int addValues(int v1, int v2){
int v3 = v1 + v2
return v3;
}
● access-specifier – default
● return-type – int
● methodName – addValues
● arguments – int v1, int v2
Method definition
Method Invocation/Call

Syntax

Identifier input values for the


method

methodName(argument value(s));
Example

show();

show(“Java Programming”);

int sum=addValues(3, 4);

int large=max(7, 3);


Object

● Object is an instance of a class

● It is an real world entity

● Each object have state, behaviour and identity


Creating objects
Object in Java

Syntax

Name of Construct
the class or
ClassName object_name=new ClassName();

keyword
Example of an Object
Class with Object
Constructors

● Similar to method
● Method name is same as Class name
● No return type
● Can have arguments/parameters
● Cannot be invoked explicitly
● It is invoked when an instance of a class is created
● Can be overloaded
● Used to initialize the member of a class
● Two types
○ Default constructor
○ Parameterized constructor
Syntax for constructor

ClassName(argument(s) declaration) {

body of constructor;

}
Example

Class Example{
int ivar;
Example(){ //constructor
ivar=10;
}
public static void main(String[ ] args){
Example e1=new Example();
System.out.println(e1.ivar);
}
}
Types of constructors

● Default constructor
○ Constructor without parameter

● Parameterized constructor
○ Constructor with parameter
Example for Constructor

class Constructor{
Constructor(){
System.out.println(“Default constructor”);
}
Constructor(String str){
System.out.println(“Parameterized constructor”);
}
}
main() method

Syntax

public static void main(String[ ] args){

body of main method;

}
Input statement

Syntax final member


import java.util.*; //package
from System
class of type
Class from InputStream
class lang package
Scanner scan=new Scanner(System.in);

construct
object
or
Output statement
Method from
Syntax PrintStream
Class from class
lang package
System.out.print(“string value”);

final member of
System class of
type PrintStream
static keyword

● Variable
● Method
● Block
● Nested class
static variable

● Variable with static keyword


● Also known as class variable Syntax

● Gets memory only once static data-type


● One memory space for a class variable_name;

● Initialize with 0 Example


● Can be accessed by class name static int var;
static method

Syntax
● Method with static keyword
static return-type
method_name(arguments){
● Can be accessed by class name
method body;
}
● Access only static members
Example
● It will preserve the last value static void show(String str){
System.out.println(str);
● Belongs to class rather than the object of a class
}
static block

Syntax
● Block with static keyword
static{
statement(s);
● Executed prior to main() method
}
● Used to initialize static members
Example
static{
● Executed only once
System.out.println(“static
block ”);
}
Data types
Data types
Data Type Description Default Default size
Value

boolean Stores true or false values false 1 bit

char Stores a single character/letter or ASCII values '\u0000' 2 byte

byte Stores whole numbers from -128 to 127 0 1 byte

short Stores whole numbers from -32,768 to 32,767 0 2 byte

int Stores whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 0 4 byte

long Stores whole numbers from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 0L 8 byte

float Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 6 to 7 decimal digits 0.0f 4 byte
3.4e−038 to 3.4e+038.

double Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits 0.0d 8 byte
1.7e−308 to 1.7e+308
byte data type

Syntax
byte varname;

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
byte myNum = 100;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
Output
100
short data type

Syntax
short varname;

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
short myNum = 1000;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
Output
1000
int data type

Syntax
int varname;

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
int myNum = 10000;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
Output
10000
long data type

Syntax
long varname;

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
long myNum = 100000L;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
Output
100000
float data type

Syntax
float varname;

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
float myNum = 2.56f;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
Output
2.56
double data type

Syntax
double varname;

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
double myNum = 12.56d;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
Output
12.56
Scientific number
Syntax
float/double varname;

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
float myNum1 = 12e3f;
double myNum2 = 5e4d;
System.out.println(myNum1);
System.out.println(myNum2);
}
}
Output
12000.0
boolean datatype
Syntax
boolean varname;

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean isBlue = true;
boolean isRed = false;
System.out.println(isBlue);
System.out.println(isRed);
}
}
Output
true

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