DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

BATCH NO : 03
ACADEMIC YEAR : 2020-2024

ABDUL WADOOD.M - 110120104005

A.AKASH - 110120104010 Supervisor: DR.E.GANESH,B.E., M.E.,Ph.D.
HARIHARAN.S - 110120104017
MOHAMMED SADDAM KASSALI.I - 110120104039
 ABSTRACT

• In the contemporary ecosphere, Water contamination is one of the foremost reasons for numerous categories of
water-borne viruses such as dengue, cholera and malaria etc. for hominid. 40% of universal diseases are produced
by water contamination.
• So, the eminence of the drinking water wants to be restrained in real time although it is provided to customers. In
this project, we propose a development and extension of a real time water eminence computing structure at
compact cost using Internet of Things (IoT). To figure out the parameters of the water such as pH, Gas level.
• Through the Wi-Fi structure, the sensor output data is sent to the concerned authority for additional stages to
advance the water quality.
• Furthermore, the system incorporates automatic alerting mechanisms to notify users in case of abnormal water
quality conditions, thus allowing prompt intervention and preventive measures. The modular design of the system
ensures scalability and flexibility to accommodate additional sensors or functionalities as per specific application
requirements.
• Overall, the presented automatic water quality monitoring system Using ESP32 MCU in the IOT environment
provides an effective and reliable solution for continuous monitoring and management of water quality,
contributing to the preservation and conservation of this vital natural resource.
 INTRODUCTION TO IOT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that describes the network of physical objects
or "things" embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies, enabling them to connect and
exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet. These objects can range from everyday
household items to industrial machines, vehicles, and infrastructure components. At its core, IoT aims to
create a seamless and interconnected ecosystem where devices can communicate, collect, and analyze data
in real-time, leading to enhanced automation, efficiency, and intelligence in various domain.

Widely Used In:

• Smart Home Automation: IoT enables the automation and remote control of various home devices and
systems, including lighting, thermostats, security cameras, door locks, and appliances. Smart home
devices can be controlled and monitored remotely using smartphones or voice commands, enhancing
convenience, comfort, and energy efficiency.
• Industrial IoT (IIoT): In industrial settings, IoT facilitates the monitoring, control, and optimization of
manufacturing processes, equipment, and supply chains. IIoT applications include predictive maintenance, asset
tracking, inventory management, remote monitoring of machinery, and quality control, leading to increased
productivity, efficiency, and cost savings.

• Smart Cities: IoT technologies are used to create smart city solutions for urban infrastructure management,
transportation systems, public safety, and environmental monitoring. Smart city applications include smart traffic
management, waste management, street lighting, parking systems, air quality monitoring, and water management,
improving sustainability, livability, and resource efficiency in urban areas.

• Healthcare: IoT plays a significant role in revolutionizing healthcare delivery by enabling remote patient
monitoring, telemedicine, and personalized medicine. IoT devices such as wearable fitness trackers, remote
monitoring devices, and smart medical implants collect and transmit real-time health data, facilitating early
diagnosis, treatment optimization, and chronic disease management.

• Agriculture: IoT solutions are used in precision agriculture to monitor and optimize crop cultivation, irrigation,
and livestock management. IoT sensors, drones, and autonomous vehicles collect data on soil moisture, weather
conditions, crop health, and livestock behavior, enabling farmers to make data-driven decisions, optimize
resource usage, and increase crop yields .
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

1. ESP32 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT:

• ESP32 is a popular microcontroller developed by Espressif Systems. It has gained traction for its versatility and integration
of multiple features, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and various peripherals.

2. PH SENSOR:
• A pH sensor is an electronic device used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. pH is a measure of the
concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, and it is an important parameter in various fields such as environmental
monitoring, water treatment etc.
 3.TDS SENSOR:
A TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) sensor is a device used to measure the total concentration of dissolved solids in a liquid solution. Total
dissolved solids include various inorganic salts, organic matter, and other substances that are dissolved in water.
5. Dissolved Gas Sensors:
These sensors are designed to detect gases that are dissolved in water, such as oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and
hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Dissolved oxygen sensors, in particular, are essential for monitoring the health of aquatic environments, as
oxygen levels directly affect the survival of aquatic organisms.

HARDWARE SETUP:
• Connect the water quality sensors (such as pH sensor, TDS sensor, etc.) to the Arduino Uno. Then establish a serial communication
connection between the Arduino Uno and the ESP32 Node MCU.
• Write code for the Arduino Uno to read data from the connected water quality sensors, process the sensor data, and store it in variables.
• Write code for the ESP32 Node MCU to establish a Wi-Fi connection and receive data from the Arduino Uno through serial
communication.
• Additionally, prepare the data to be sent over the Telegram API. Create a Telegram bot using the Bot Father on Telegram and obtain
the bot token provided by the Bot Father. Set up a Telegram channel or group where you want to receive the water quality data.
• Integrate the Telegram API with your ESP32 Node MCU code to send the water quality data to your Telegram bot, which will then
forward it to your designated Telegram channel or group
BLOCK DIAGRAM

TDS SENSOR

E
S
P
RESULT
GAS SENSOR 3
2

PH SENSOR
 WORKING

• Sensor Data Acquisition: The ESP32 microcontroller collects data from the sensors, including the gas sensor, TDS sensor, and pH
sensor. Each sensor measures specific parameters related to water quality, such as gas levels, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH
levels.

• Data Processing: The collected sensor data is processed by the ESP32 microcontroller to ensure accuracy and reliability. This may
involve calibration of sensor readings and conversion of analog signals to digital values for further analysis.

• Wireless Communication: The ESP32 microcontroller uses its built-in Wi-Fi capability to establish a connection to the internet. It then
then sends the processed sensor data to a Telegram Chat.

• Data Storage : The sensor data is stored in a Telegram Chat

• Integration with Telegram Bot: A Telegram bot is created using the Telegram Bot API, and its functionality is programmed to receive
commands and send messages to users. The bot is integrated with the ESP32 microcontroller to receive real-time updates on water
quality parameters.
• Alerting Mechanism: The Telegram bot is programmed to send alerts and notifications to users when abnormal water quality
conditions are detected. This could include high levels of gas emissions, TDS, or pH levels outside the acceptable range
• Continuous Monitoring: The water quality monitoring system operates continuously, providing ongoing surveillance of water quality
parameters. Users can access real-time updates and historical data through the Telegram bot interface.
RESULT
 ADVANTAGES

• Real-time Monitoring: IoT-based systems enable real-time monitoring of water quality parameters. This immediate access to data
allows for prompt detection of any changes or abnormalities in water quality, facilitating rapid response and intervention .
• Remote Accessibility: With IoT technology, monitoring data can be accessed remotely from anywhere with an internet connection.
This accessibility allows for continuous monitoring of water quality, even in remote or inaccessible locations, without the need for
physical presence at the monitoring site.
• Cost-effectiveness: IoT-based systems can be more cost-effective than traditional monitoring methods, especially over the long term.
Once the infrastructure is set up, ongoing operational c costs can be reduced, and maintenance efforts can be minimized, leading to
potential cost savings.
• Early Warning Systems: IoT-based water quality monitoring systems can be equipped with alerting mechanisms to notify
stakeholders of any deviations from predefined
• Integration with Other Systems: IoT platforms can integrate with other systems, such as weather monitoring stations or wastewater
treatment plants, to provide comprehensive insights into water quality dynamics. This integration enhances the overall understanding
of environmental factors affecting water quality and supports informed decision-making.
• Environmental Conservation: By providing timely and accurate information about water quality, IoT-based monitoring systems
support efforts to conserve and protect water resources. These systems contribute to sustainable water management practices by
enabling informed decision-making and proactive measures to preserve water quality and ecosystem health.
DISADVANTAGES
• Cost: Implementing an IoT-based water quality monitoring system can involve significant upfront costs, including the purchase of
sensors, microcontrollers, communication modules, and cloud services. Additionally, ongoing maintenance and subscription fees for cloud
services may further increase the overall cost of the system.

• Complexity: Designing, deploying, and managing an IoT-based water quality monitoring system requires expertise in multiple domains,
including electronics, software development, networking, and data analysis. The complexity of integrating various components and
ensuring seamless communication between them can pose challenges for inexperienced users or organizations with limited technical
resources

•Reliability: IoT devices, sensors, and communication networks are susceptible to failures, disruptions, and interference, which can affect
the reliability and accuracy of data collected by the monitoring system. Environmental factors such as extreme weather conditions,
electromagnetic interference, and signal attenuation may compromise the performance of IoT devices, leading to data inaccuracies or
system downtime.

•Security Risks: IoT devices are vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, including hacking, data breaches, and unauthorized access.
Weaknesses in device firmware, communication protocols, and cloud infrastructure may expose sensitive data to malicious actors, posing
privacy risks and jeopardizing the integrity of the monitoring system
 CONCLUSION

• In conclusion, the adoption of water quality monitoring systems using IoT represents a significant advancement in
the field of environmental monitoring, offering real-time insights, remote accessibility, and proactive intervention
capabilities.
• Through the integration of IoT technologies, advanced sensors, and data analytics, these systems provide a powerful
tool for safeguarding water resources, protecting public health, and supporting sustainable water management
practices.
• Despite facing challenges such as reliability concerns, data security risks, and interoperability issues, the merits of
IoT-based water quality monitoring systems outweigh the demerits. The future scope of these systems is promising,
with opportunities for advancements in sensor technologies, AI integration, blockchain security, and smart water
management solutions.
• By embracing interdisciplinary research, collaboration, and innovation, stakeholders can harness the full potential of
IoT technologies to address emerging water quality challenges and promote environmental sustainability. Ultimately,
the continued development and deployment of IoT-based water quality monitoring systems will play a vital role in
ensuring the availability of clean and safe water for current and future generation.
EXISTING SYSTEM

•In this Existing System the theory on real time monitoring of water quality in Iot Environment is presented The overall block
diagram of the proposed method is explained. Each block of the system is explained in detail.

•In this Existing block diagram consist of several sensors (temperature, pH, turbidity, flow) is connected to core controller. The core
controller is accessing the sensor values and processing them to transfer the data through internet. Arduino is used as a core controller.
The sensor data can be viewed on the internet wi-fi system
 PROPOSED SYSTEM

1. ESP32: This serves as the core controller, similar to the Arduino in your proposed system. It will collect data from various sensors,
process it, and then transfer it over the internet.
2. Gas Sensor: This sensor detects the presence of certain gases in the water, such as methane or hydrogen sulfide, which can indicate
contamination or pollution.
3. TDS Sensor: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensors measure the concentration of dissolved substances in water, providing an indication
of its overall quality and purity.
4. PH Sensor: pH sensors measure the acidity or alkalinity of the water. Monitoring pH levels is crucial for assessing water quality, as
certain pH ranges can indicate contamination or other issues.
5. Internet Connectivity: The ESP32 will use its built-in Wi-Fi capability to transfer the sensor data over the internet, allowing it to be
accessed remotely. To implement this system, you'll need to connect these sensors to the ESP32 microcontroller and write code to read
data from each sensor, process it as needed, and then send it over Wi-Fi to a server or database for storage and analysis. Additionally,
you'll need a power supply and housing to protect the components if the system is deployed in the field.
PH SENSOR

E
S
P
3
GAS SENSOR RESULT
2

M
C
U

TDS SENSOR
 LITERATURE REVIEW

• Shruti sridharan developed a low-cost wireless sensor network for monitoring water quality parameters such as the ph level of
water, in real-time. This wireless sensor network is based on the high power zigbee technology with ieee 802.15.4.

• Brinda das, p.c. Jain proposed “real-time water quality monitoring using internet of things. They suggested the traditional way of
water quality parameter testing requires, any number of samples of water and then tested in the lab by a skilled person. This method
of water quality parameter monitoring is time-consuming and requires a skilled person and the cost of monitoring is more compared
to the monitoring of water quality parameters by using the various sensor.

• Nikhil r, et al. Presented a smart device for water quality parameter monitoring based on iot technique, the quality of water is easily
monitored utilizing collecting the water parameter data. They use a ph sensor, water level sensor, turbidity sensor, and conductivity
sensor for collecting the data of parameters

• Vaishnavi et al. (2017) developed low-cost devices based on iot for real-time monitoring of water quality for real-time, monitoring of
water quality, they use the various sensor for measuring the water parameter as a chemical parameterphysical parameter, and flow,
measurement of these parameters is done by using the various sensor as temperature sensor turbidity sensor and flow sensor core
controller arduino model is used for the processing the data, by using wi-fi module,water parameter at an instant can be view on
screen with the help of interne
 LITERATURE SURVEY

J. Arulananth, V. Indira, and R. Manoharan This paper presents a comprehensive system for real-time monitoring and control
of water quality in aquaculture systems. It discusses the design and implementation of a sensor network to measure parameters such
as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. The authors also describe the development of an intelligent control system to
maintain optimal water quality conditions for fish cultivation. This paper is widely cited and provides valuable insights into the
design, implementation, and application of automatic water quality monitoring systems.

Punit et al. Proposed iot based water quality monitoring system based on raspberry pi3development board programmed with
python framework, and mat plot lab library is used for plotting water quality parameters. They used temperature, ph, electrical
conductivity, and dissolved oxygen sensor for water parameter monitoring, all sensors are calibrated with reference solution before
testing to reduce the measurement uncertainty. The advantage of the proposed system is that they use raspberry pi for iot
implementation which consumes lowpower by using real-time monitoring for various applications such as pound lake and river
water rapid monitoring and contamination detection can be done easily.
 REFERENCES

• S. Pasika, S.T. Gandla Smart water quality monitoring system with cost-effective using IoT Heliyon, 6 (7)
(2020), 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04096.

• M. Mukta, S. Islam, S.D. Barman, A.W. Reza, M.S. Hossain Khan "Iot based smart water quality monitoring
system Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems
(ICCCS) (2019), pp. 669-673, 10.1109/CCOMS.2019.8821742

• Li, D., et al. (2019). Development of a Low-Cost IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System. Sensors,
19(19), 4165. DOI: 10.3390/s19194165.

• Rodriguez, D. J., et al. (2020). A Review of Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Water Quality Monitoring
Systems. Water, 12(2), 498. DOI: 10.3390/w12020498.

• Zhao, Y., et al. (2020). An IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Urban Water
Supply Networks. Sensors, 20(12), 3513. DOI: 10.3390/s20123513
THANK YOU