WORK

PREPARED BY : M’ Daisy
WHEN MOTION IS DONE, IT IS SAID THAT THE WORK HAS BEEN
DONE. WHEN A TASK IS GIVEN ON SOMEONE AND HAS BEEN
EFFICIENTLY UNDERTAKEN, DEFINITELY WORK HAS BEEN
DONE. THE DEFINITION SUCH AS CLEANING A ROOM, WASHING
CLOTHES, ENCODING TEXT, COOKING FOOD, REPAIRING
GADGETS, ETC. BUT IN PHYSICS, WORK IS DONE WHEN THERE
IS ACTUAL MOTION AND EXHIBITS THE FF. CONDITIONS;
1. THE FORCE ACTS ON OBJECT;
2. DISPLACEMENT MUST BE PRESENT; LASTLY THE MOST
IMPORTANT
3. THE FORCE EXERTED SHOULD BE IN THE SAME DIRECTION
OF MOTION.
 IN EVERYTHING WE DO, WE ASSUME THAT WE
CONSIDER WORK HAS BEEN DONE. EVERY TASK
GIVEN AND ACCOMPLISHED IS CONSIDERED AS
SUCCESSFUL WORK DONE. IN PHYSICS, A CRITERIA
IS SET BEFORE A WORK IS CONSIDERED WORK.
BELOW ARE SOME SITUATIONS WHERE WORK IS DONE.

A. PUSHING A CART- There is a work done

because the cart moves toward as it pushed
horizontal movement.
BELOW ARE SOME SITUATIONS WHERE WORK IS DONE.

B. CLIMBING A COCONUT TREE- There is

a work done because the force is directed
upward and the motion is also upward.
BELOW ARE SOME SITUATIONS WHERE WORK IS DONE.

C. PULLING A WAGON-Even though the wagon is

pulled with a given angle, this angles still horizontal
component that is parallel to the direction of the
displacement.
BELOW ARE SOME SITUATIONS WHERE WORK IS DONE.

D. THROWING BASEBALL- There is a work done as

the pitcher applies force for the ball to move or thrown at
a distance.
BELOW ARE SOME SITUATIONS WHERE WORK IS DONE.

E. ROLLING DOWN BALL-When the ball is pushed

and allowed to roll, work is also done.
BELOW ARE SOME SITUATIONS WHERE IS NO WORK IS
DONE.
A. BOOK ON BOTH HANDS AS PUNISHMENT-
Simple no change in distance or displacement hand
occurred, no worked is done.
BELOW ARE SOME SITUATIONS WHERE IS NO WORK IS
DONE.
B.. PUSHING A WALL- Even in the presence of work,
no displacement is achieved.
Work is said to be done when a body
undergoes displacement. It is denoted by W.
Work Formula is given by W = F . d
where :
F = force applied and
d = displacement.
Work formula is used to calculate work done,
force or displacement in any problems. It is
given in N-m.
Simple Demonstration:

Ask three students to demonstrate in the class the

following actions/tasks:

a. Student 1 pushes the blackboard.

b. Student 2 pulls a chair from one end of the room to
the other
end.
c. Student 3 pulls a chair then return it to its original
place.
From the three demonstrations, which activity showed
that work is done or no work done? Explain.
WORK has a three part definition:
All three of the following must take place for work to be
done.

1. A force must be applied to an object

The object must move
3. The object must move in the same direction as the
force
Work
The product of force and the amount of displacement
along the line of action of that force.

Units: Newton•meter (Joule)

ft . lbs (horsepower)
Work = F x d
To calculate work done on an object, we need:
The Force
 The average magnitude of the force
 The direction of the force
The Displacement
 The magnitude of the change of position
 The direction of the change of position
Table of Variables:
Force = +1000 N
Displacement = +0.8 m

Force is positive due to pushing upward

Displacement is positive due to moving upward
Work  Force  displacement
Work   1000 N   0.8m 
Work  800 Nm  800 Joule  800 J

Calculate Work
ENERGY
 ENERGY- Energy is defined as the capacity
of doing work. In the absence of energy, no
work can be done by anyone and anything.
 Work is also done as an output of force.
Primarily machines are able to produce
mechanical output or mechanical work. These
machines are commonly known as simple
machines. Simple machines are able to
multiply force thus maximizing work done.
These are six types of simple machines. They are lever, incline
plane, wedge, screw, wheel and axle, pulley. The first three types of
simple machine are considered as the primary simple machine and
the next three is the combination of two primary simple machine.

A. LEVER- Is a simple machine

that has a pivot point called
fulcrum and two point ends.
B. WHEEL AND AXLE- Is a simple machine
where wheel in center is attached in an object that
causes axle to rotate.
C. INCLINED PLANE- is Plane surface at given
angle.
D. WEDGE- is a combination of two inclined plane.
E. A SCREW IS SHAFT WITH AN INCLINED
GROOVE
F. PULLEY- IS A WHEEL WITH A GROOVE IN
ITS EDGE
THESE SIMPLE MACHNINES ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING
IDEAS:
MULTIPLYING THE FORCE AND NOT THE WORK;In a bottle
can opener, the force given by the hand is multiplied; this is why
it is easier to open a bottle using a bottle opener. Hence, work
done in the situation is the open bottle, simple.
THESE SIMPLE MACHNINES ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING
IDEAS:
 IT’S OUTPUT FORCE CAN NEVER EXCEEDS ITS INPUT
FORCE; In hammering a nail on a wood, the wedge that comes
in contract with the wood still has less force compared to the
force given by the blow of the hammer.
THESE SIMPLE MACHNINES ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING
IDEAS:
 IN A FRICTIONLESS WORLD, SIMPLE MACHINES INPUT
AND OUTPUT FORCE ARE EQUAL; In sawing, if the
resistance force or friction is absent between the surface of the
saw and wood, it will be easier to saw the wood . In the
presence of friction between the two surface, resistance comes
between the two that lessen the output force.
 Energy (E) is defined as the capacity to do work
(scalar)
 No more created, only converted
 chemical, sound, heat, nuclear, mechanical
 Kinetic Energy (KE):
 energy due to motion
 Potential Energy (PE):
 energy due to position or deformation
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion reflects
 the mass
 the velocity of the object

KE = 1/2 mv 2
Table of Variables Table of Variables
m = 100 Kg m = 175 kg
v = 4.0 m/s v = 3.75 m/s
Select the equation and Select the equation and
solve: solve:
KE = ½ m v2 KE = ½ m v2
KE = ½ (100 kg)(4.0 m/s)2 KE = ½ (175)(3.75)2
KE = 800 Nm or J KE = 1230 Nm or J
Potential Energy

 Gravitational PE:
energy due to an object’s position
relative to the earth
 GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
 Affected by the object’s
 weight
 mg
 elevation (height) above reference point
 ground or some other surface
 h
GPE = mgh
GPE relative to mat GPE relative to ground
Table of Variables Table of Variables
m = 45 kg m = 45 kg
g = 10 m/s/s g = 10m/s/s
h=4m h = 5.25 m
PE = mgh PE = mgh
PE = 45kg * -9.81 m/s/s * 4 PE = 45kg * -9.81 m/s/s *
m 5.25 m
PE = 1765.8 J PE = 2317.6 J
SOURCE OF ENERGY/ ENERGY TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION
Work done by simple machine is an output considered as mechanical work, thus no
mechanical work can be accomplished if no force is given nor no energy is used. There are
different forms or energy that may give rise to produce work. These work of energy are
classified according to its source and they are follows.

A. Mechanical energy is an energy created by any moving object or tool.

SOURCE OF ENERGY/ ENERGY TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION
Work done by simple machine is an output considered as mechanical work, thus no
mechanical work can be accomplished if no force is given nor no energy is used. There are
different forms or energy that may give rise to produce work. These work of energy are
classified according to its source and they are follows.

B. SOLAR ENERGY IS THE ENERGY COMING FROM THE SUN

SOURCE OF ENERGY/ ENERGY TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION
Work done by simple machine is an output considered as mechanical work, thus no
mechanical work can be accomplished if no force is given nor no energy is used. There are
different forms or energy that may give rise to produce work. These work of energy are
classified according to its source and they are follows.

C. ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS AN ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE ATTRACTION OF

CHARGES
SOURCE OF ENERGY/ ENERGY TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION
Work done by simple machine is an output considered as mechanical work, thus no
mechanical work can be accomplished if no force is given nor no energy is used. There are
different forms or energy that may give rise to produce work. These work of energy are
classified according to its source and they are follows.

D. CHEMICAL ENERGY IS THE ENRGY COMING FROM CHEMICAL REACTION

SOURCE OF ENERGY/ ENERGY TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION
Work done by simple machine is an output considered as mechanical work, thus no
mechanical work can be accomplished if no force is given nor no energy is used. There are
different forms or energy that may give rise to produce work. These work of energy are
classified according to its source and they are follows.

E. MUCLEAR ENERGY IS AN ENERGY THAT IS PRODUCED FROM THE POWER

OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS
SOURCE OF ENERGY/ ENERGY TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION
Work done by simple machine is an output considered as mechanical work, thus no
mechanical work can be accomplished if no force is given nor no energy is used. There are
different forms or energy that may give rise to produce work. These work of energy are
classified according to its source and they are follows.

F. THERMAL ENERGY IS ALSO KNOWN AS HEAT ENERGY COMING FROM

GEOTHERMAL SOURCES AND FOSSIL FUEL/ COAL BURNING
SOURCE OF ENERGY/ ENERGY TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION
Work done by simple machine is an output considered as mechanical work, thus no
mechanical work can be accomplished if no force is given nor no energy is used. There are
different forms or energy that may give rise to produce work. These work of energy are
classified according to its source and they are follows.

G . SOUND ENERGY IS THE ENERGY THAT ENABLES US TO HEAR

SOURCE OF ENERGY/ ENERGY TRANSFER AND TRANSFORMATION
Work done by simple machine is an output considered as mechanical work, thus no
mechanical work can be accomplished if no force is given nor no energy is used. There are
different forms or energy that may give rise to produce work. These work of energy are
classified according to its source and they are follows.

H . LIGHT ENERGY IS THE ENERGY THAT ENABLES US TO SEE IN WHICH

PLANTS ARE ABLE TO UNDERGO THE PROCESS OF PHOSYNTHESIS.
ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED
NOR DESTROYED BUT CAN BE
TRANSFORMED FROM ONE
FORM TO ANOTHER
POWER
Power
 The rate of doing work
Work = Fd

Power  Work / time

Power  Fd / t
Power  Force  velocity

Units: Fd/s = J/s = watt

Calculate & compare power
Lifter A Lifter B’s time would be .75
Table of Variables sec instead of .5 sec
F = 1000 N
Fd
d = 0.8 m Power 
t
t = 0.50 s 1000 N  0.8m
Power 
0.50 s
800 J
Power   1600 w
0.50 s
When work is done, questions like,
where did energy come from to perform
what you have done. These are lots
sources in the environment that readily
give energy. SUN, as the primary
source of energy , initiates all the
process on Earth that involves energy.