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Pranitha

This document describes a contactless home automation system using an Arduino, PIR sensor, and relay module. It provides an overview and details the components, circuit diagram, working, and applications of a system that automatically turns lights on when motion is detected and off when no motion is detected.

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Pranitha Rao
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23 views15 pages

Pranitha

This document describes a contactless home automation system using an Arduino, PIR sensor, and relay module. It provides an overview and details the components, circuit diagram, working, and applications of a system that automatically turns lights on when motion is detected and off when no motion is detected.

Uploaded by

Pranitha Rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Table of Contents

• Overview
• Circuit Diagram of Contactless Home Automation using Arduino and
PIR Sensor
• Components Required for Contactless Home Automation using
Arduino and PIR Sensor
• Component Description
• PIR Sensor
• Relay Module and Aurdino Uno
• Circuit Design
• Working of the Project
• Applications
Overview
• Automatic Room Lights System using Arduino is a very useful project
as you need not worry about turning on and off the switches every time
you want to turn on the lights. The main components of the Automatic
Room Lights project are Arduino, PIR Sensor and the Relay Module.
• Out of the three components, the PIR Sensor is the one in focus as it is
the main device that helps in detecting humans and human motion.
• In fact, the Automatic Room Lights project can be considered as one
major application of the PIR Sensor. A similar concept is being already
implemented in automatic toilet flush valves, hand dryers, etc.
Circuit Diagram of Contact Less Home
Automation using Arduino and PIR Sensor
The following image shows the circuit diagram of the project implemented
using Arduino UNO, PIR Sensor and a Relay Module.
If you do not have a relay module, you can make one yourself using
very simple hardware. The following circuit diagram shows the project
being implemented with the help of discrete components for the Relay
Module.
Connection Diagram
Components Required for Contact Less Home
Automation using Arduino and PIR Sensors
• Arduino UNO
• PIR Sensor
• 5V Relay Module (Relay Board)
• LED • 100Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• Connecting Wires
• Breadboard
• Power Supply If we do not have a Relay Module, use the following components:
• 5V Relay
• 2N2222 (or BC547) NPN Transistor
• 1N4007 PN Junction Diode
• 1KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
Component Description
PIR Sensor
• A typical PIR Sensor looks like the one shown in the image below.
To connect with external devices, it has only three pins namely
VCC, Digital OUT (Data) and GND
Relay Module
A Relay Module is a very useful component as it allows Arduino,
Raspberry Pi or other Microcontrollers to control big electrical loads.
We have used a 2-channel Relay Module in this project but used only
one relay in it. The relay module used in this project is shown below:-
Arduino Uno
• Arduino Uno is a microcontroller in which ATmega328 microprocessor is used
• It has 6 analog input pins and 14 digital input or output pins which can be used as
PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) outputs. It has its own programming language. The
crystal oscillator frequency of this microcontroller is 16MHz. It has USB cable which
can simply connect with computer, power barrel jack, reset button and ICSP (In
Circuit Serial Programming). Each pin of the Arduino Uno is operated at 5V.The
programming language of this microcontroller is not complex.
Circuit Design
• PIR Sensor’s Data OUT Pin is connected to Arduino’s Digital I/O Pin
8. An LED is connected to pin 13 of Arduino to indicate whether the
light is turned ON or OFF.
• The IN1 pin of the Relay Module is connected to Pin 9 of Arduino. A
bulb is connected to mains supply through relay. One terminal of the
bulb is connected to one wire of the mains supply. The other terminal of
the bulb is connected to the NO (Normally Open) contact of the Relay
Module.
• COM (Common) contact of the Relay is connected to the other wire
of the mains supply. Be careful when connecting this part of the project.
Working of the Project

• The Automatic Room Lights using Arduino and PIR Sensor is a simple
project, where the lights in the room will automatically turn on upon
detecting a human motion and stay turned on until the person has left or
there is no motion.
• Working of this project is very simple and is explained here.
• Initially, when there is no human movement, the PIR Sensor doesn’t
detect any person and its OUT pin stays LOW. As the person enters the
room, the change in infrared radiation in the room is detected by the PIR
Sensor.
Working
• As a result, the output of the PIR Sensor becomes HIGH. Since the Data
OUT of the PIR Sensor is connected to Digital Pin 8 of Arduino,
whenever it becomes HIGH, Arduino will activate the relay by making
the relay pin LOW (as the relay module is an active LOW module).
• • This will turn the Light ON. The light stays turned ON as long as there
is movement in front of the sensor.
• • If the person takes a nap or leaves the room, the IR Radiation will
become stable (there will be no change) and hence, the Data OUT of the
PIR Sensor will become LOW. This in turn will make the Arduino to
turn OFF the relay (make the relay pin HIGH) and the room light will
be turned OFF.
Applications
• Bathroom Lights
• Hand Dryers
• Toilet Flushers
• Security Lights
• Garage Lights

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