Unit4 - 4 - Gear Trains

UME2401 : Kinematics of Machinery
UNIT – IV : GEARS AND GEAR TRAINS
CO4: Upon completion of this unit, the students can able to Solve
problems on gears and gear trains (K3: Ap)
Law of toothed gearing – Involutes and cycloidal tooth profiles –Spur

Gear terminology and definitions –Gear tooth action – contact ratio –
Interference and undercutting. Helical, Bevel, Worm, Rack and Pinion
gears [Basics only]. Gear trains – Speed ratio, train value – Parallel axis
gear trains – Epicyclic Gear Trains.
Dr. G. Selvakumar, M.E., Ph.D.,

Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department
SSN College of Engineering
Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Kalavakkam -603110, TN, India
Reach me at: [email protected] 1
Gear Trains
Two or more gears are made to mesh with each other to
transmit power from one shaft to another. Such a
combination is called gear train or train of toothed
wheels.
Types of Gear Trains

1.Simple gear train
2.Compound gear train
3.Reverted gear train
4.Epicyclic gear train
2
Simple Gear Train
One gear on each shaft
If the distance between the two gears is large, intermediate gears employed. If the number of
intermediate gears are odd, the motion of both the Gears is like. If Even - unlike direction
The speed ratio (or velocity ratio) of gear train

is the ratio of the speed of the driver to the
speed of the driven or follower. 3
Simple Gear Train
The ratio of the speed of the driven to the speed of the
driver is known as train value of the gear train
The speed ratio of the gear train is obtained by multiplying the

above two equations
4
Simple Gear Train
The intermediate gears are called idle gears, as they do not effect
the speed ratio or train value of the system.
The idle gears are used

To connect gears where a large centre distance is required, and
To obtain the desired direction of motion of the driven gear (i.e.
clockwise or anticlockwise). 5
Compound Gear Train
More than one gear on a shaft
6
Compound Gear Train
7
Compound Gear Train
Advantage of Compound Gear Train over simple gear train:
a much larger speed reduction from the first shaft to the last shaft
can be obtained with small gears.
If a simple gear train is used to give a large speed reduction, the
last gear has to be very large.
Design of Spur Gears
8
Numerical Example -1
Two parallel shafts, about 600 mm apart are to be connected by spur

gears. One shaft is to run at 360 r.p.m. and the other at 120 r.p.m.
Design the gears, if the circular pitch is to be 25 mm.
( Speed ratio =3)
9
Reverted gear train
Used in automotive transmissions, lathe back gears, industrial speed reducers,
and in clocks (where the minute and hour hand shafts are co-axial).
The axes of the first gear (i.e. first driver) and

the last gear (i.e.Last driven are co-axial)
The distance between the centres of the shafts of gears

1 and 2 and the gears 3 and 4 are same
10
Reverted gear train
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we can determine the number of teeth on each gear for the
given centre distance, speed ratio and module only when the number of teeth on one gear
11
is chosen arbitrarily
Numerical Example-2
The speed ratio of the reverted gear train, as shown in
the figure is to be 12. The module of gears A and B is
3.125 mm and of gears C and D is 2.5 mm. Calculate
the suitable numbers of teeth for the gears. No gear
is to have less than 24 teeth.
12
Numerical Example-2
13
Reverted gear train
14
Epicyclic Gear Train
In an epicyclic gear train, the axes of the shafts,

over which the gears are mounted, may move
relative to a fixed axis.
Gear A and the arm C have a common axis at
O1 about which they can rotate
The gear B meshes with gear A and has its

axis on the arm at O2, about which the gear B
can rotate. 15
Epicyclic Gear Train
If the arm is fixed, the gear train is simple
and gear A can drive gear B or vice- versa,.
If gear A is fixed and the arm is rotated about

the axis of gear A (i.e. O1), the gear B is
forced to rotate upon and around gear A.
Such a motion is called epicyclic.
The epicyclic gear trains are useful for transmitting high velocity ratios
with gears of moderate size in comparatively lesser space.
The epicyclic gear trains are used in the back gear of lathe, differential
gears of the automobiles, hoists, pulley blocks, wrist watches etc.,
16
Velocity Ratios in Epicyclic Gear Train
The following two

methods used for
finding out the velocity
ratio of an epicyclic gear
train.
1. Tabular method
2. Algebraic method.
17
Tabular method
18
when two conditions about the motion of rotation of any two

elements are known, then the unknown speed of the third
element may be obtained by substituting the given data in the
third column of the fourth row.
19
(Algebraic method)
The motion of each element of the epicyclic

train relative to the arm is set down in the form
of equations
The number of equations depends upon the

number of elements in the gear train
But the two conditions are, usually, supplied in

any epicyclic train viz. some element is fixed and
the other has specified motion
These two conditions are sufficient to solve all

the equations
20
(Algebraic method)
Let the arm C be fixed in an epicyclic gear train as shown in the figure
The speed of the gear A relative to the arm C
Note : The tabular method is easier and hence mostly used in solving problems on epicyclic
gear train. 21
Numerical Example-3
In an epicyclic gear train, an arm carries two gears A and B having 36 and 45
teeth respectively. If the arm rotates at 150 r.p.m. in the anticlockwise
direction about the centre of the gear A which is fixed, determine the
speed of gear B. If the gear A instead of being fixed, makes 300 r.p.m. in
the clockwise direction, what will be the speed of gear B ?
22
Numerical Example-3
23
Numerical Example-3
24
Numerical Example-4
In a reverted epicyclic gear train, the arm A carries two gears B
and C and a compound gear D - E. The gear B meshes with
gear E and the gear C meshes with gear D. The number of
teeth on gears B, C and D are 75, 30 and 90 respectively.
Find the speed and direction of gear C when gear B is fixed
and the arm A makes 100 r.p.m. clockwise.
Find the number of teeth on gear E
25
Numerical Example-4
26
Numerical Example-4
27
Compound Epicyclic Gear Train:
Sun and Planet Gear
28
Compound Epicyclic Gear Train: Sun and Planet Gear
The annulus gear A meshes with the gear B
the sun gear D meshes with the gear C.
when the annulus gear is fixed, the sun

gear provides the drive
when the sun gear is fixed, the annulus

gear provides the drive.
In both cases, the arm acts as a follower.
29
Compound Epicyclic Gear Train: Sun and Planet Gear
30
Numerical Example-5
An epicyclic gear consists of three gears A, B and C as
shown in the Figure. The gear A has 72 internal teeth
and gear C has 32 external teeth. The gear B meshes
with both A and C and is carried on an arm EF which
rotates about the centre of A at 18 r.p.m.. If the gear
A is fixed, determine the speed of gears B and C.
31
Numerical Example-5
32
Numerical Example-5
33
Numerical Example-6
34
Numerical Example-6
35
Numerical Example-6
36
Review Questions
State true or False : The idle gears in a simple train of gears do
not effect the speed ratio of the system. True
37
Thank you for your attention
38

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UME2401 : Kinematics of Machinery

UNIT – IV : GEARS AND GEAR TRAINS

Law of toothed gearing – Involutes and cycloidal tooth profiles –Spur

Dr. G. Selvakumar, M.E., Ph.D.,

Types of Gear Trains

The speed ratio (or velocity ratio) of gear train

The speed ratio of the gear train is obtained by multiplying the

The idle gears are used

More than one gear on a shaft

Design of Spur Gears

Two parallel shafts, about 600 mm apart are to be connected by spur

( Speed ratio =3)

The axes of the first gear (i.e. first driver) and

The distance between the centres of the shafts of gears

In an epicyclic gear train, the axes of the shafts,

The gear B meshes with gear A and has its

If gear A is fixed and the arm is rotated about

The following two

when two conditions about the motion of rotation of any two

The motion of each element of the epicyclic

The number of equations depends upon the

But the two conditions are, usually, supplied in

These two conditions are sufficient to solve all

Find the number of teeth on gear E

The annulus gear A meshes with the gear B

the sun gear D meshes with the gear C.

when the annulus gear is fixed, the sun

when the sun gear is fixed, the annulus

In both cases, the arm acts as a follower.

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